Degenerative brain changes associated with tramadol use: an optical coherence tomography study
Abstract Background Tramadol—a synthetic opioid originally used as an analgesic—has been widely misused as an addictive drug in the middle east in the last twenty years. Brain changes associated with long-term tramadol use are understudied. This study aimed to detect the possible effects of tramadol...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Middle East Current Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00374-6 |