Bacteria vs. bacteriophages: parallel evolution of immune arsenals
Bacteriophages are the most common entities on earth and represent a constant challenge to bacterial populations. To fend off bacteriophage infection, bacteria evolved immune systems to avert phage adsorption and block invader DNA entry. They developed restriction-modification systems and mechanisms...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01292/full |
| _version_ | 1830288869752307712 |
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| author | Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir Haihong Hao Muhammad Zubair Shabbir Wu Qin Adeel Sattar Zonghui Yuan |
| author_facet | Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir Haihong Hao Muhammad Zubair Shabbir Wu Qin Adeel Sattar Zonghui Yuan |
| author_sort | Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacteriophages are the most common entities on earth and represent a constant challenge to bacterial populations. To fend off bacteriophage infection, bacteria evolved immune systems to avert phage adsorption and block invader DNA entry. They developed restriction-modification systems and mechanisms to abort infection and interfere with virion assembly, as well as newly recognized clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). In response to bacterial immune systems, bacteriophages synchronously evolved resistance mechanisms, such as the anti-CRISPR systems to counterattack bacterial CRISPR-cas systems, in a continuing evolutionary arms race between virus and host. In turn, it is fundamental to the survival of the bacterial cell to evolve a system to combat bacteriophage immune strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:42:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2813dba82e5a49b28a816981512ca46f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T04:42:17Z |
| publishDate | 2016-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2813dba82e5a49b28a816981512ca46f2022-12-21T20:35:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2016-08-01710.3389/fmicb.2016.01292213809Bacteria vs. bacteriophages: parallel evolution of immune arsenalsMuhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir0Haihong Hao1Muhammad Zubair Shabbir2Wu Qin3Adeel Sattar4Zonghui Yuan5Huazhong agricultural university,hubei,wuhan,chinaHuazhong agricultural university,hubei,wuhan,chinaUniversity of veterinary and animal sciences,Lahore,PakistanHuazhong agricultural university,hubei,wuhan,chinaHuazhong agricultural university,hubei,wuhan,chinaHuazhong agricultural university,hubei,wuhan,chinaBacteriophages are the most common entities on earth and represent a constant challenge to bacterial populations. To fend off bacteriophage infection, bacteria evolved immune systems to avert phage adsorption and block invader DNA entry. They developed restriction-modification systems and mechanisms to abort infection and interfere with virion assembly, as well as newly recognized clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). In response to bacterial immune systems, bacteriophages synchronously evolved resistance mechanisms, such as the anti-CRISPR systems to counterattack bacterial CRISPR-cas systems, in a continuing evolutionary arms race between virus and host. In turn, it is fundamental to the survival of the bacterial cell to evolve a system to combat bacteriophage immune strategies.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01292/fullBacteriophagesmobile genetic elementsCRISPR systempre-crRNAAnti-CRISPR system. |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir Haihong Hao Muhammad Zubair Shabbir Wu Qin Adeel Sattar Zonghui Yuan Bacteria vs. bacteriophages: parallel evolution of immune arsenals Frontiers in Microbiology Bacteriophages mobile genetic elements CRISPR system pre-crRNA Anti-CRISPR system. |
| title | Bacteria vs. bacteriophages: parallel evolution of immune arsenals |
| title_full | Bacteria vs. bacteriophages: parallel evolution of immune arsenals |
| title_fullStr | Bacteria vs. bacteriophages: parallel evolution of immune arsenals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacteria vs. bacteriophages: parallel evolution of immune arsenals |
| title_short | Bacteria vs. bacteriophages: parallel evolution of immune arsenals |
| title_sort | bacteria vs bacteriophages parallel evolution of immune arsenals |
| topic | Bacteriophages mobile genetic elements CRISPR system pre-crRNA Anti-CRISPR system. |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01292/full |
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