Health Cost Estimation of Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Assessing the Pollution Reduction Potential of Zero-Emission Vehicles in Toronto, Canada

Fossil fuel vehicles, emitting air toxics into the atmosphere, impose a heavy burden on the economy through additional health care expenses and ecological degradation. Air pollution is responsible for millions of deaths and chronic and acute health problems every year, such as asthma and chronic obs...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hamidreza Shamsi, Mohammad Munshed, Manh-Kien Tran, Youngwoo Lee, Sean Walker, Jesse The, Kaamran Raahemifar, Michael Fowler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-08-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/16/4956