The Past, Present, and Future of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (<i>Adelges tsugae</i>) and Its Ecological Interactions with Eastern Hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i>) Forests

The Past, Present, and Future of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (<i>Adelges tsugae</i>) and Its Ecological Interactions with Eastern Hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i>) Forests

The nonnative hemlock woolly adelgid is steadily killing eastern hemlock trees in many parts of eastern North America. We summarize impacts of the adelgid on these forest foundation species; review previous models and analyses of adelgid spread dynamics; and examine how previous forecasts of adelgid...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Aaron M. Ellison, David A. Orwig, Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Evan L. Preisser
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2018-11-01
Series:Insects
Subjects:
carbon flux
carbon stocks
dispersal
ecological forecasting
ecosystem dynamics
forest
invasive species
mortality
spread
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/9/4/172

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/9/4/172

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