Cell microparticles loaded with tumor antigen and resiquimod reprogram tumor-associated macrophages and promote stem-like CD8+ T cells to boost anti-PD-1 therapy
Abstract The durable response rate to immune checkpoint blockade such as anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody remains relatively low in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mainly depending on an immunosuppressive microenvironment with limited number of CD8+ T cells, especially stem-like CD8+ T c...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2023-09-01
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Series: | Nature Communications |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41438-9 |