The Reaction of the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to Contamination of the Medium with Aflatoxins B<sub>2</sub> and G<sub>1</sub>, Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone in Aerobic Cultures
The mechanisms by which yeast cells respond to environmental stress include the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the reduction of oxidative stress. The response of yeast exposed to aflatoxins B<sub>2</sub>+G<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>2</sub>+G<sub>1&l...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16401 |
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| author | Grzegorz Kłosowski Beata Koim-Puchowska Joanna Dróżdż-Afelt Dawid Mikulski |
| author_facet | Grzegorz Kłosowski Beata Koim-Puchowska Joanna Dróżdż-Afelt Dawid Mikulski |
| author_sort | Grzegorz Kłosowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mechanisms by which yeast cells respond to environmental stress include the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the reduction of oxidative stress. The response of yeast exposed to aflatoxins B<sub>2</sub>+G<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>2</sub>+G<sub>1</sub>), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEA) in aerobic conditions was studied. After 72 h of yeast cultivation in media contaminated with mycotoxins, the growth of yeast biomass, the level of malondialdehyde, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase were examined; the expression profile of the following heat shock proteins was also determined: HSP31, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP104. It was demonstrated that at the tested concentrations, both AFB<sub>2</sub>+G<sub>1</sub> and ZEA inhibited yeast biomass growth. OTA at a concentration of 8.4 [µg/L] raised the MDA level. Intensified lipoperoxidation and increased activity of SOD and GPx were observed, regardless of the level of contamination with ZEA (300 µg/L or 900 µg/L). Increased contamination with AFB<sub>2</sub>+G<sub>1</sub> and OTA caused an increase in the production of most HSPs tested (HSP31, HSP40, HSP70, HSP104). ZEA contamination in the used concentration ranges reduced the production of HSP31. The response of yeast cells to the presence of mycotoxin as a stressor resulted in the expression of certain HSPs, but the response was not systematic, which was manifested in different profiles of protein expression depending on the mycotoxin used. The tested mycotoxins influenced the induction of oxidative stress in yeast cells to varying degrees, which resulted in the activation of mainly SOD without GST mobilization or with a small involvement of GPx. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:44:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2a69bcc0482849a88bbc347180a844952023-11-24T14:47:27ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-11-0124221640110.3390/ijms242216401The Reaction of the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to Contamination of the Medium with Aflatoxins B<sub>2</sub> and G<sub>1</sub>, Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone in Aerobic CulturesGrzegorz Kłosowski0Beata Koim-Puchowska1Joanna Dróżdż-Afelt2Dawid Mikulski3Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, ul. K. J. Poniatowskiego 12, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, ul. K. J. Poniatowskiego 12, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, ul. K. J. Poniatowskiego 12, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, ul. K. J. Poniatowskiego 12, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, PolandThe mechanisms by which yeast cells respond to environmental stress include the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the reduction of oxidative stress. The response of yeast exposed to aflatoxins B<sub>2</sub>+G<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>2</sub>+G<sub>1</sub>), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEA) in aerobic conditions was studied. After 72 h of yeast cultivation in media contaminated with mycotoxins, the growth of yeast biomass, the level of malondialdehyde, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase were examined; the expression profile of the following heat shock proteins was also determined: HSP31, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP104. It was demonstrated that at the tested concentrations, both AFB<sub>2</sub>+G<sub>1</sub> and ZEA inhibited yeast biomass growth. OTA at a concentration of 8.4 [µg/L] raised the MDA level. Intensified lipoperoxidation and increased activity of SOD and GPx were observed, regardless of the level of contamination with ZEA (300 µg/L or 900 µg/L). Increased contamination with AFB<sub>2</sub>+G<sub>1</sub> and OTA caused an increase in the production of most HSPs tested (HSP31, HSP40, HSP70, HSP104). ZEA contamination in the used concentration ranges reduced the production of HSP31. The response of yeast cells to the presence of mycotoxin as a stressor resulted in the expression of certain HSPs, but the response was not systematic, which was manifested in different profiles of protein expression depending on the mycotoxin used. The tested mycotoxins influenced the induction of oxidative stress in yeast cells to varying degrees, which resulted in the activation of mainly SOD without GST mobilization or with a small involvement of GPx.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16401<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>aerobic culturesmycotoxinstoxic stressoxidative stressglutathione S-transferase |
| spellingShingle | Grzegorz Kłosowski Beata Koim-Puchowska Joanna Dróżdż-Afelt Dawid Mikulski The Reaction of the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to Contamination of the Medium with Aflatoxins B<sub>2</sub> and G<sub>1</sub>, Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone in Aerobic Cultures International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> aerobic cultures mycotoxins toxic stress oxidative stress glutathione S-transferase |
| title | The Reaction of the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to Contamination of the Medium with Aflatoxins B<sub>2</sub> and G<sub>1</sub>, Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone in Aerobic Cultures |
| title_full | The Reaction of the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to Contamination of the Medium with Aflatoxins B<sub>2</sub> and G<sub>1</sub>, Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone in Aerobic Cultures |
| title_fullStr | The Reaction of the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to Contamination of the Medium with Aflatoxins B<sub>2</sub> and G<sub>1</sub>, Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone in Aerobic Cultures |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Reaction of the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to Contamination of the Medium with Aflatoxins B<sub>2</sub> and G<sub>1</sub>, Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone in Aerobic Cultures |
| title_short | The Reaction of the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to Contamination of the Medium with Aflatoxins B<sub>2</sub> and G<sub>1</sub>, Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone in Aerobic Cultures |
| title_sort | reaction of the yeast i saccharomyces cerevisiae i to contamination of the medium with aflatoxins b sub 2 sub and g sub 1 sub ochratoxin a and zearalenone in aerobic cultures |
| topic | <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> aerobic cultures mycotoxins toxic stress oxidative stress glutathione S-transferase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16401 |
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