| Summary: | Mitochondrial quality control is sustained by Miro1 (Rhot1), a calcium-binding membrane-anchored GTPase during mitophagy. The exact mechanism that operates the interaction of Miro1 with mitophagy machinery and their role in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction that often results in lung inflammation is unclear. We hypothesized that Miro1 plays an important role in regulating mitophagy machinery and the resulting lung inflammation by CS exposure to mice. The lung epithelial Rhot1<sup>fl/fl</sup> (WT) and Rhot1<sup>CreCC10</sup> mice were exposed to mainstream CS for 3 days (acute) and 4 months (chronic). Acute CS exposure showed a notable increase in the total inflammatory cells, macrophages, and neutrophils that are associated with inflammatory mediators. Chronic exposure showed increased infiltration of neutrophils versus air controls. The effects of acute and chronic CS exposure were augmented in the Rhot1<sup>CreCC10</sup> group, indicating that epithelial Miro1 ablation led to the augmentation of inflammatory cell infiltration with alteration in the inflammatory mediators. Thus, Rhot1/Miro1 plays an important role in regulating CS-induced lung inflammatory responses with implications in mitochondrial quality control.
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