Encapsulation of <i>Cymbopogon khasiana</i> × <i>Cymbopogon pendulus</i> Essential Oil (CKP-25) in Chitosan Nanoemulsion as a Green and Novel Strategy for Mitigation of Fungal Association and Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Contamination in Food System
The present study deals with the encapsulation of <i>Cymbopogon khasiana</i> × <i>Cymbopogon pendulus</i> essential oil (CKP-25-EO) into a chitosan nanoemulsion and efficacy assessment for inhibition of fungal inhabitation and aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub&g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/4/722 |
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| author | Jitendra Prasad Somenath Das Akash Maurya Monisha Soni Arati Yadav Bikarma Singh Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy |
| author_facet | Jitendra Prasad Somenath Das Akash Maurya Monisha Soni Arati Yadav Bikarma Singh Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy |
| author_sort | Jitendra Prasad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study deals with the encapsulation of <i>Cymbopogon khasiana</i> × <i>Cymbopogon pendulus</i> essential oil (CKP-25-EO) into a chitosan nanoemulsion and efficacy assessment for inhibition of fungal inhabitation and aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) contamination in <i>Syzygium cumini</i> seeds with emphasis on cellular and molecular mechanism of action. DLS, AFM, SEM, FTIR, and XRD analyses revealed the encapsulation of CKP-25-EO in chitosan with controlled delivery. The CKP-25-Ne displayed enhanced antifungal (0.08 µL/mL), antiaflatoxigenic (0.07 µL/mL), and antioxidant activities (IC<sub>50 DPPH</sub> = 6.94 µL/mL, IC<sub>50 ABTS</sub> = 5.40 µL/mL) in comparison to the free EO. Impediment in cellular ergosterol, methylglyoxal biosynthesis, and in silico molecular modeling of CKP-25-Ne validated the cellular and molecular mechanism of antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity. The CKP-25-Ne showed in situ efficacy for inhibition of lipid peroxidation and AFB<sub>1</sub> secretion in stored <i>S. cumini</i> seeds without altering the sensory profile. Moreover, the higher mammalian safety profile strengthens the application of CKP-25-Ne as a safe green nano-preservative against fungal association, and hazardous AFB<sub>1</sub> contamination in food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:49:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2aa0e019d12545849b79d1b87ac874f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:49:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-2aa0e019d12545849b79d1b87ac874f72023-11-16T20:29:45ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-02-0112472210.3390/foods12040722Encapsulation of <i>Cymbopogon khasiana</i> × <i>Cymbopogon pendulus</i> Essential Oil (CKP-25) in Chitosan Nanoemulsion as a Green and Novel Strategy for Mitigation of Fungal Association and Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Contamination in Food SystemJitendra Prasad0Somenath Das1Akash Maurya2Monisha Soni3Arati Yadav4Bikarma Singh5Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy6Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Burdwan Raj College, Purba Bardhaman 713104, West Bengal, IndiaLaboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaLaboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaLaboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaBotanic Garden Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaLaboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaThe present study deals with the encapsulation of <i>Cymbopogon khasiana</i> × <i>Cymbopogon pendulus</i> essential oil (CKP-25-EO) into a chitosan nanoemulsion and efficacy assessment for inhibition of fungal inhabitation and aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) contamination in <i>Syzygium cumini</i> seeds with emphasis on cellular and molecular mechanism of action. DLS, AFM, SEM, FTIR, and XRD analyses revealed the encapsulation of CKP-25-EO in chitosan with controlled delivery. The CKP-25-Ne displayed enhanced antifungal (0.08 µL/mL), antiaflatoxigenic (0.07 µL/mL), and antioxidant activities (IC<sub>50 DPPH</sub> = 6.94 µL/mL, IC<sub>50 ABTS</sub> = 5.40 µL/mL) in comparison to the free EO. Impediment in cellular ergosterol, methylglyoxal biosynthesis, and in silico molecular modeling of CKP-25-Ne validated the cellular and molecular mechanism of antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity. The CKP-25-Ne showed in situ efficacy for inhibition of lipid peroxidation and AFB<sub>1</sub> secretion in stored <i>S. cumini</i> seeds without altering the sensory profile. Moreover, the higher mammalian safety profile strengthens the application of CKP-25-Ne as a safe green nano-preservative against fungal association, and hazardous AFB<sub>1</sub> contamination in food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/4/722CKP-25-essential oilaflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>mitigationpreservativemethylglyoxalmolecular docking |
| spellingShingle | Jitendra Prasad Somenath Das Akash Maurya Monisha Soni Arati Yadav Bikarma Singh Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy Encapsulation of <i>Cymbopogon khasiana</i> × <i>Cymbopogon pendulus</i> Essential Oil (CKP-25) in Chitosan Nanoemulsion as a Green and Novel Strategy for Mitigation of Fungal Association and Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Contamination in Food System Foods CKP-25-essential oil aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> mitigation preservative methylglyoxal molecular docking |
| title | Encapsulation of <i>Cymbopogon khasiana</i> × <i>Cymbopogon pendulus</i> Essential Oil (CKP-25) in Chitosan Nanoemulsion as a Green and Novel Strategy for Mitigation of Fungal Association and Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Contamination in Food System |
| title_full | Encapsulation of <i>Cymbopogon khasiana</i> × <i>Cymbopogon pendulus</i> Essential Oil (CKP-25) in Chitosan Nanoemulsion as a Green and Novel Strategy for Mitigation of Fungal Association and Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Contamination in Food System |
| title_fullStr | Encapsulation of <i>Cymbopogon khasiana</i> × <i>Cymbopogon pendulus</i> Essential Oil (CKP-25) in Chitosan Nanoemulsion as a Green and Novel Strategy for Mitigation of Fungal Association and Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Contamination in Food System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Encapsulation of <i>Cymbopogon khasiana</i> × <i>Cymbopogon pendulus</i> Essential Oil (CKP-25) in Chitosan Nanoemulsion as a Green and Novel Strategy for Mitigation of Fungal Association and Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Contamination in Food System |
| title_short | Encapsulation of <i>Cymbopogon khasiana</i> × <i>Cymbopogon pendulus</i> Essential Oil (CKP-25) in Chitosan Nanoemulsion as a Green and Novel Strategy for Mitigation of Fungal Association and Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Contamination in Food System |
| title_sort | encapsulation of i cymbopogon khasiana i i cymbopogon pendulus i essential oil ckp 25 in chitosan nanoemulsion as a green and novel strategy for mitigation of fungal association and aflatoxin b sub 1 sub contamination in food system |
| topic | CKP-25-essential oil aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> mitigation preservative methylglyoxal molecular docking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/4/722 |
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