Enhanced Adhesion of Copper Films on Fused Silica Glass Substrate by Plasma Pre-Treatment
A non-thermal atmospheric jet plasma pre-treatment technique was introduced to help the growth of extremely sticky copper films on fused silica glass substrates. A tape test was utilized to assess the bonding quality between copper films and fused silica glass substrates. AFM was used to characteriz...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/14/5152 |
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| author | Liqing Yang Xianli Yang Fei Gao Yongmao Guan Rui Wan Pengfei Wang |
| author_facet | Liqing Yang Xianli Yang Fei Gao Yongmao Guan Rui Wan Pengfei Wang |
| author_sort | Liqing Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A non-thermal atmospheric jet plasma pre-treatment technique was introduced to help the growth of extremely sticky copper films on fused silica glass substrates. A tape test was utilized to assess the bonding quality between copper films and fused silica glass substrates. AFM was used to characterize the sample surface roughness and XPS for chemical bonding characterization. The Owens–Wendt method and a Theta Lite Optical Tensiometer were used to analyze the contact angle and surface energy. The results showed that the surface energy greatly increased from 34.6 ± 0.3 mJ·m<sup>−2</sup> to 55.9 ± 0.4 mJ·m<sup>−2</sup> after 25 s plasma pre-treatment due to the increasing Si-O and Si-N concentrations, which brought about the electrostatic force increasing at the copper/glass interface. After 25 s plasma pre-treatment, the average surface roughness (Sa) grew from 0.8 ± 0.1 nm to 2.4 ± 0.3 nm. With higher surface roughness, there were more spaces and vacancies for the copper atoms to make contact on the bonded surfaces and increase the mechanical bite force. The electrostatic force and the mechanical bite force on the interface helped to form an atomic diffusion connection layer and improved the interactions between the copper film and the glass substrate. The findings in the SEM supported the conclusions stated above. Therefore, the adhesion between copper films and fused silica glass substrates increased by about 20% by 25 s plasma pre-treatment compared with the untreated glass substrate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:52:37Z |
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| id | doaj.art-2ac7ad4c5a824e89bbc2fe28232b73b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:52:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ac7ad4c5a824e89bbc2fe28232b73b52023-11-18T20:18:46ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-07-011614515210.3390/ma16145152Enhanced Adhesion of Copper Films on Fused Silica Glass Substrate by Plasma Pre-TreatmentLiqing Yang0Xianli Yang1Fei Gao2Yongmao Guan3Rui Wan4Pengfei Wang5State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, ChinaInstitute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200062, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, ChinaA non-thermal atmospheric jet plasma pre-treatment technique was introduced to help the growth of extremely sticky copper films on fused silica glass substrates. A tape test was utilized to assess the bonding quality between copper films and fused silica glass substrates. AFM was used to characterize the sample surface roughness and XPS for chemical bonding characterization. The Owens–Wendt method and a Theta Lite Optical Tensiometer were used to analyze the contact angle and surface energy. The results showed that the surface energy greatly increased from 34.6 ± 0.3 mJ·m<sup>−2</sup> to 55.9 ± 0.4 mJ·m<sup>−2</sup> after 25 s plasma pre-treatment due to the increasing Si-O and Si-N concentrations, which brought about the electrostatic force increasing at the copper/glass interface. After 25 s plasma pre-treatment, the average surface roughness (Sa) grew from 0.8 ± 0.1 nm to 2.4 ± 0.3 nm. With higher surface roughness, there were more spaces and vacancies for the copper atoms to make contact on the bonded surfaces and increase the mechanical bite force. The electrostatic force and the mechanical bite force on the interface helped to form an atomic diffusion connection layer and improved the interactions between the copper film and the glass substrate. The findings in the SEM supported the conclusions stated above. Therefore, the adhesion between copper films and fused silica glass substrates increased by about 20% by 25 s plasma pre-treatment compared with the untreated glass substrate.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/14/5152copper filmsplasma pre-treatmentadhesiondiffusion junction layer |
| spellingShingle | Liqing Yang Xianli Yang Fei Gao Yongmao Guan Rui Wan Pengfei Wang Enhanced Adhesion of Copper Films on Fused Silica Glass Substrate by Plasma Pre-Treatment Materials copper films plasma pre-treatment adhesion diffusion junction layer |
| title | Enhanced Adhesion of Copper Films on Fused Silica Glass Substrate by Plasma Pre-Treatment |
| title_full | Enhanced Adhesion of Copper Films on Fused Silica Glass Substrate by Plasma Pre-Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Adhesion of Copper Films on Fused Silica Glass Substrate by Plasma Pre-Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Adhesion of Copper Films on Fused Silica Glass Substrate by Plasma Pre-Treatment |
| title_short | Enhanced Adhesion of Copper Films on Fused Silica Glass Substrate by Plasma Pre-Treatment |
| title_sort | enhanced adhesion of copper films on fused silica glass substrate by plasma pre treatment |
| topic | copper films plasma pre-treatment adhesion diffusion junction layer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/14/5152 |
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