Biomass Combustion: Evaluation of POPs Emissions (VOC, PAH, PCB, PCDD/F) from Three Different Biomass Prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine)
Agricultural activities lead to the production of large quantities of pruning and residual biomass, the correct disposal of which is a topic of great interest. Unfortunately, although it is an environmentally unacceptable practice, disposal often takes place with uncontrolled combustion in field (op...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/10/1665 |
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| author | Adriano Palma Enrico Paris Monica Carnevale Beatrice Vincenti Mattia Perilli Ettore Guerriero Marina Cerasa Andrea R. Proto Salvatore F. Papandrea Roberto Bonofiglio Mariangela Salerno Francesco Gallucci |
| author_facet | Adriano Palma Enrico Paris Monica Carnevale Beatrice Vincenti Mattia Perilli Ettore Guerriero Marina Cerasa Andrea R. Proto Salvatore F. Papandrea Roberto Bonofiglio Mariangela Salerno Francesco Gallucci |
| author_sort | Adriano Palma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agricultural activities lead to the production of large quantities of pruning and residual biomass, the correct disposal of which is a topic of great interest. Unfortunately, although it is an environmentally unacceptable practice, disposal often takes place with uncontrolled combustion in field (open burning). Disposal using biomass boilers produces energy from controlled combustion and the use of abatement systems reduces emissions that are inevitably generated in the combustion processes of solid fuel (CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, NOx, SO<sub>2</sub>, PM, etc.). Among the pollutants produced in combustion processes, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are one of the most relevant groups of chemicals that must be monitored for their effect on human health and the environment. This paper reports the data obtained for the emissive characterization of POPs of three different wood biomass prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine) focusing on VOCs, PAHs, PCBs, PCDD/Fs. Emissions samplings were performed at the stack during combustion in a 30 kW<sub>th</sub> boiler equipped with a multicyclone filter bag for PM abatement in an isokinetic mode in accordance with the CEN and ISO standards methods. Through this work, a complete emission profile of VOCs, PAHs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs of three different biomass types is provided for the first time, showing that the use of biomass boilers produces quantities of pollutants below the regulatory limits and still lower than those produced by open burning phenomena. Citrus has shown, regarding the other two essences, elevated concentrations in terms of Σ PAH = 174.247 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, while Olive gave higher results in terms of PCBs and PCDD/Fs (respectively, 39.769 and 3390.63 TEQ pg/Nm<sup>3</sup>). This is probably due to the high concentration of iron in this biomass (711.44 mg/kg), which during combustion is a catalyst (together with copper) of PCDD/Fs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:43:29Z |
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| id | doaj.art-2b2f2ff95dae40409f6087ff4b7acec2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:43:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-2b2f2ff95dae40409f6087ff4b7acec22023-11-23T22:51:49ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-10-011310166510.3390/atmos13101665Biomass Combustion: Evaluation of POPs Emissions (VOC, PAH, PCB, PCDD/F) from Three Different Biomass Prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine)Adriano Palma0Enrico Paris1Monica Carnevale2Beatrice Vincenti3Mattia Perilli4Ettore Guerriero5Marina Cerasa6Andrea R. Proto7Salvatore F. Papandrea8Roberto Bonofiglio9Mariangela Salerno10Francesco Gallucci11Center of Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-IT), Via Della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, ItalyCenter of Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-IT), Via Della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, ItalyCenter of Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-IT), Via Della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, ItalyCenter of Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-IT), Via Della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Rome Research Area-Montelibretti, Monterotondo, 00015 Scalo, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Rome Research Area-Montelibretti, Monterotondo, 00015 Scalo, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council, Rome Research Area-Montelibretti, Monterotondo, 00015 Scalo, ItalyDepartment of AGRARIA, University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito snc, 89122 Reggio Calabria, ItalyDepartment of AGRARIA, University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito snc, 89122 Reggio Calabria, ItalyRegional Agency for Agriculture Development in Calabria (ARSAC), Viale Trieste 95, 87100 Cosenza, ItalyCenter of Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-IT), Via Della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, ItalyCenter of Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-IT), Via Della Pascolare 16, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, ItalyAgricultural activities lead to the production of large quantities of pruning and residual biomass, the correct disposal of which is a topic of great interest. Unfortunately, although it is an environmentally unacceptable practice, disposal often takes place with uncontrolled combustion in field (open burning). Disposal using biomass boilers produces energy from controlled combustion and the use of abatement systems reduces emissions that are inevitably generated in the combustion processes of solid fuel (CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, NOx, SO<sub>2</sub>, PM, etc.). Among the pollutants produced in combustion processes, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are one of the most relevant groups of chemicals that must be monitored for their effect on human health and the environment. This paper reports the data obtained for the emissive characterization of POPs of three different wood biomass prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine) focusing on VOCs, PAHs, PCBs, PCDD/Fs. Emissions samplings were performed at the stack during combustion in a 30 kW<sub>th</sub> boiler equipped with a multicyclone filter bag for PM abatement in an isokinetic mode in accordance with the CEN and ISO standards methods. Through this work, a complete emission profile of VOCs, PAHs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs of three different biomass types is provided for the first time, showing that the use of biomass boilers produces quantities of pollutants below the regulatory limits and still lower than those produced by open burning phenomena. Citrus has shown, regarding the other two essences, elevated concentrations in terms of Σ PAH = 174.247 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, while Olive gave higher results in terms of PCBs and PCDD/Fs (respectively, 39.769 and 3390.63 TEQ pg/Nm<sup>3</sup>). This is probably due to the high concentration of iron in this biomass (711.44 mg/kg), which during combustion is a catalyst (together with copper) of PCDD/Fs.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/10/1665emissionsemission factorbiomass burningthermochemical conversionopen burningcontrolled combustion |
| spellingShingle | Adriano Palma Enrico Paris Monica Carnevale Beatrice Vincenti Mattia Perilli Ettore Guerriero Marina Cerasa Andrea R. Proto Salvatore F. Papandrea Roberto Bonofiglio Mariangela Salerno Francesco Gallucci Biomass Combustion: Evaluation of POPs Emissions (VOC, PAH, PCB, PCDD/F) from Three Different Biomass Prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine) Atmosphere emissions emission factor biomass burning thermochemical conversion open burning controlled combustion |
| title | Biomass Combustion: Evaluation of POPs Emissions (VOC, PAH, PCB, PCDD/F) from Three Different Biomass Prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine) |
| title_full | Biomass Combustion: Evaluation of POPs Emissions (VOC, PAH, PCB, PCDD/F) from Three Different Biomass Prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine) |
| title_fullStr | Biomass Combustion: Evaluation of POPs Emissions (VOC, PAH, PCB, PCDD/F) from Three Different Biomass Prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomass Combustion: Evaluation of POPs Emissions (VOC, PAH, PCB, PCDD/F) from Three Different Biomass Prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine) |
| title_short | Biomass Combustion: Evaluation of POPs Emissions (VOC, PAH, PCB, PCDD/F) from Three Different Biomass Prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine) |
| title_sort | biomass combustion evaluation of pops emissions voc pah pcb pcdd f from three different biomass prunings olive citrus and grapevine |
| topic | emissions emission factor biomass burning thermochemical conversion open burning controlled combustion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/10/1665 |
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