The Effect of Bottom-up/Top- down Techniques on Lower vs. Upper -Intermediate EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension
Listening is regarded as an interactive process involving decoding of information. This study was launched to find out the impact of bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) techniques on Iranian lower and upper intermediate learners’ listening comprehension. We selected a total of 120 participants in six i...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
University of Sistan and Baluchestan
2017-05-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ijals.usb.ac.ir/article_3169_e1891890cc78aae7c179f48ad22b0b48.pdf |