| Summary: | The present study investigated the gut health, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of mung bean seed coat extract (MSE). MSE was obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using 50% ethanol as the extracting solvent. After 24 h of <i>in vitro</i> human fecal fermentation, MSE exhibited higher productions of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) than those of the control group (CON) and other polyphenol-rich substrates, including gallic acid (GA) and vitexin (VIT) (<i>p</i> > 0.05), but still lower than the fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS). In 16S-rRNA next-generation sequencing, MSE regulated the composition of gut microbiota by stimulating the growth of the beneficial bacteria <i>Enterococcus</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i>, <i>Blautia</i>, and <i>Bacteroides</i> and decreasing the growth of the potential pathogenic bacteria <i>Escherichia</i>-<i>Shigella</i>. Similarly, qPCR showed increased numbers of <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>, and <i>Prevotella</i>, compared with those of CON (<i>p</i> < 0.05). MSE also reduced reactive oxygen species and increased glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells dose-dependently. The anti-inflammatory activity of MSE was observed in LPS-stimulated THP-1 monocytes with the reduction of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 genes. The data demonstrated the potential applications of MSE as a dietary supplement with gut health benefits and its ability to mitigate diabetes and inflammatory-related diseases.
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