Investigating subtle changes in facial expression to assess acute pain in Japanese macaques
Abstract Changes in facial expression provide cues for assessing emotional states in mammals and may provide non-verbal signals of pain. This study uses geometric morphometrics (GMM) to explore the facial shape variation in female Japanese macaques who underwent experimental laparotomy. Face image s...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2022-11-01
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Series: | Scientific Reports |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23595-x |