Identifying Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cattle by Combining 3D Printing and Paper Diagnostics
This paper describes the design, fabrication, and validation of a paper-based diagnostic device for the rapid diagnosis of hypocalcemia in dairy cattle at the point-of-care (POC). The device incorporates a 3D printed calcium ion-selective membrane (ISM) as the sensing element for free—unbound—calciu...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2022-01-01
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| Series: | ECS Sensors Plus |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/aca034 |
| _version_ | 1797670974265491456 |
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| author | Art Matthew Mamaril Dalton L. Glasco Francisco A. Leal Yepes Jeffrey G. Bell |
| author_facet | Art Matthew Mamaril Dalton L. Glasco Francisco A. Leal Yepes Jeffrey G. Bell |
| author_sort | Art Matthew Mamaril |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper describes the design, fabrication, and validation of a paper-based diagnostic device for the rapid diagnosis of hypocalcemia in dairy cattle at the point-of-care (POC). The device incorporates a 3D printed calcium ion-selective membrane (ISM) as the sensing element for free—unbound—calcium in real bovine whole blood samples. With a linear response range of 100 mM to 97.7 μ M, the sensor covers the clinically relevant concentrations of Ca ^2+ associated with both healthy cattle as well as those suffering from hypocalcemia. The components of the Ca ^2+ ion-selective electrodes were successfully translated to a paper-based device to provide a sensing platform that is simple to use, disposable, and low-cost, and is therefore well-situated for applications at the POC. The paper-based calcium sensor showed a Nernstian response between 10 mM and 100 μ M and required only 12 μ l of sample to perform a measurement, which can be accomplished in less than two minutes without the need for time-consuming separation steps. The performance of the paper-based Ca ^2+ sensor was validated using the commercially available epoc ^® Blood Analysis System, which provided results within 5% of the data obtained with 3D printed Ca ^2+ -ISM integrated paper-based device. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:08:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2fbc311dbfad4cf9b62f4c0721779906 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2754-2726 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:08:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ECS Sensors Plus |
| spelling | doaj.art-2fbc311dbfad4cf9b62f4c07217799062023-09-29T08:25:40ZengIOP PublishingECS Sensors Plus2754-27262022-01-011404060110.1149/2754-2726/aca034Identifying Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cattle by Combining 3D Printing and Paper DiagnosticsArt Matthew Mamaril0Dalton L. Glasco1Francisco A. Leal Yepes2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-5133Jeffrey G. Bell3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-1043Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99163, United States of AmericaDepartment of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99163, United States of AmericaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99163, United States of AmericaDepartment of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99163, United States of AmericaThis paper describes the design, fabrication, and validation of a paper-based diagnostic device for the rapid diagnosis of hypocalcemia in dairy cattle at the point-of-care (POC). The device incorporates a 3D printed calcium ion-selective membrane (ISM) as the sensing element for free—unbound—calcium in real bovine whole blood samples. With a linear response range of 100 mM to 97.7 μ M, the sensor covers the clinically relevant concentrations of Ca ^2+ associated with both healthy cattle as well as those suffering from hypocalcemia. The components of the Ca ^2+ ion-selective electrodes were successfully translated to a paper-based device to provide a sensing platform that is simple to use, disposable, and low-cost, and is therefore well-situated for applications at the POC. The paper-based calcium sensor showed a Nernstian response between 10 mM and 100 μ M and required only 12 μ l of sample to perform a measurement, which can be accomplished in less than two minutes without the need for time-consuming separation steps. The performance of the paper-based Ca ^2+ sensor was validated using the commercially available epoc ^® Blood Analysis System, which provided results within 5% of the data obtained with 3D printed Ca ^2+ -ISM integrated paper-based device.https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/aca034 |
| spellingShingle | Art Matthew Mamaril Dalton L. Glasco Francisco A. Leal Yepes Jeffrey G. Bell Identifying Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cattle by Combining 3D Printing and Paper Diagnostics ECS Sensors Plus |
| title | Identifying Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cattle by Combining 3D Printing and Paper Diagnostics |
| title_full | Identifying Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cattle by Combining 3D Printing and Paper Diagnostics |
| title_fullStr | Identifying Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cattle by Combining 3D Printing and Paper Diagnostics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identifying Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cattle by Combining 3D Printing and Paper Diagnostics |
| title_short | Identifying Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cattle by Combining 3D Printing and Paper Diagnostics |
| title_sort | identifying hypocalcemia in dairy cattle by combining 3d printing and paper diagnostics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/aca034 |
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