s-Triazine Derivatives Functionalized with Alkylating 2-Chloroethylamine Fragments as Promising Antimicrobial Agents: Inhibition of Bacterial DNA Gyrases, Molecular Docking Studies, and Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity

The spectrum of biological properties of s-triazine derivatives is broad and includes anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-neurodegenerative activities, among others. The s-triazine molecule, due to the possibility of substituting three substituents, offers many opportunities to obtain hybrid compo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dawid Maliszewski, Rasime Demirel, Agnieszka Wróbel, Maciej Baradyn, Artur Ratkiewicz, Danuta Drozdowska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-09-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/9/1248
Description
Summary:The spectrum of biological properties of s-triazine derivatives is broad and includes anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-neurodegenerative activities, among others. The s-triazine molecule, due to the possibility of substituting three substituents, offers many opportunities to obtain hybrid compounds with a wide variety of activities. A group of 1,3,5 triazine derivatives containing a dipeptide, 2-ethylpiperazine, and a methoxy group as substituents was screened for their antimicrobial activity. An in vitro study was conducted on pathogenic bacteria (<i>E. coli</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>B. subtilis,</i> and <i>M. luteus</i>), yeasts (<i>C. albicans</i>), and filamentous fungi (<i>A. fumigatus</i>, <i>A. flavus</i>, <i>F. solani</i>, and <i>P. citrinum</i>) via microdilution in broth, and the results were compared with antibacterial (Streptomycin) and antifungal (Ketoconazole and Nystatin) antibiotics. Several s-triazine analogues have minimal inhibitory concentrations lower than the standard. To confirm the inhibitory potential of the most active compounds against gyrases <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>, a bacterial gyrases inhibition assay, and molecular docking studies were performed. The most active s-triazine derivatives contained the -NH-Trp(Boc)-AlaOMe, -NH-Asp(OtBu)-AlaOMe, and -NH-PheOMe moieties in their structures.
ISSN:1424-8247