Secondary Metabolism and Defense Responses Are Differently Regulated in Two Grapevine Cultivars during Ripening
<i>Vitis vinifera</i> ‘Nebbiolo’ is one of the most important wine grape cultivars used to produce prestigious high-quality wines known throughout the world, such as Barolo and Barbaresco. ‘Nebbiolo’ is a distinctive genotype characterized by medium/high vigor, long vegetative and ripeni...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/6/3045 |
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| author | Giorgio Gambino Paolo Boccacci Chiara Pagliarani Irene Perrone Danila Cuozzo Franco Mannini Ivana Gribaudo |
| author_facet | Giorgio Gambino Paolo Boccacci Chiara Pagliarani Irene Perrone Danila Cuozzo Franco Mannini Ivana Gribaudo |
| author_sort | Giorgio Gambino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Vitis vinifera</i> ‘Nebbiolo’ is one of the most important wine grape cultivars used to produce prestigious high-quality wines known throughout the world, such as Barolo and Barbaresco. ‘Nebbiolo’ is a distinctive genotype characterized by medium/high vigor, long vegetative and ripening cycles, and limited berry skin color rich in 3′-hydroxylated anthocyanins. To investigate the molecular basis of these characteristics, ‘Nebbiolo’ berries collected at three different stages of ripening (berry pea size, véraison, and harvest) were compared with <i>V. vinifera</i> ‘Barbera’ berries, which are rich in 3′,5′-hydroxylated anthocyanins, using transcriptomic and analytical approaches. In two consecutive seasons, the two genotypes confirmed their characteristic anthocyanin profiles associated with a different modulation of their transcriptomes during ripening. Secondary metabolism and response to stress were the functional categories that most differentially changed between ‘Nebbiolo’ and ‘Barbera’. The profile rich in 3′-hydroxylated anthocyanins of ‘Nebbiolo’ was likely linked to a transcriptional downregulation of key genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, at berry pea size, the defense metabolism was more active in ‘Nebbiolo’ than ‘Barbera’ in absence of biotic attacks. Accordingly, several pathogenesis-related proteins, WRKY transcription factors, and stilbene synthase genes were overexpressed in ‘Nebbiolo’, suggesting an interesting specific regulation of defense pathways in this genotype that deserves to be further explored. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:10:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3254e07ae2114f088453b6dfba359328 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:10:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3254e07ae2114f088453b6dfba3593282023-11-21T10:47:17ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-03-01226304510.3390/ijms22063045Secondary Metabolism and Defense Responses Are Differently Regulated in Two Grapevine Cultivars during RipeningGiorgio Gambino0Paolo Boccacci1Chiara Pagliarani2Irene Perrone3Danila Cuozzo4Franco Mannini5Ivana Gribaudo6Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyInstitute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyInstitute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyInstitute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyInstitute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyInstitute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyInstitute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy<i>Vitis vinifera</i> ‘Nebbiolo’ is one of the most important wine grape cultivars used to produce prestigious high-quality wines known throughout the world, such as Barolo and Barbaresco. ‘Nebbiolo’ is a distinctive genotype characterized by medium/high vigor, long vegetative and ripening cycles, and limited berry skin color rich in 3′-hydroxylated anthocyanins. To investigate the molecular basis of these characteristics, ‘Nebbiolo’ berries collected at three different stages of ripening (berry pea size, véraison, and harvest) were compared with <i>V. vinifera</i> ‘Barbera’ berries, which are rich in 3′,5′-hydroxylated anthocyanins, using transcriptomic and analytical approaches. In two consecutive seasons, the two genotypes confirmed their characteristic anthocyanin profiles associated with a different modulation of their transcriptomes during ripening. Secondary metabolism and response to stress were the functional categories that most differentially changed between ‘Nebbiolo’ and ‘Barbera’. The profile rich in 3′-hydroxylated anthocyanins of ‘Nebbiolo’ was likely linked to a transcriptional downregulation of key genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, at berry pea size, the defense metabolism was more active in ‘Nebbiolo’ than ‘Barbera’ in absence of biotic attacks. Accordingly, several pathogenesis-related proteins, WRKY transcription factors, and stilbene synthase genes were overexpressed in ‘Nebbiolo’, suggesting an interesting specific regulation of defense pathways in this genotype that deserves to be further explored.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/6/3045high-throughput sequencinganthocyanin profileflavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylasesstilbene synthasesdefense metabolism<i>Vitis vinifera</i> |
| spellingShingle | Giorgio Gambino Paolo Boccacci Chiara Pagliarani Irene Perrone Danila Cuozzo Franco Mannini Ivana Gribaudo Secondary Metabolism and Defense Responses Are Differently Regulated in Two Grapevine Cultivars during Ripening International Journal of Molecular Sciences high-throughput sequencing anthocyanin profile flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylases stilbene synthases defense metabolism <i>Vitis vinifera</i> |
| title | Secondary Metabolism and Defense Responses Are Differently Regulated in Two Grapevine Cultivars during Ripening |
| title_full | Secondary Metabolism and Defense Responses Are Differently Regulated in Two Grapevine Cultivars during Ripening |
| title_fullStr | Secondary Metabolism and Defense Responses Are Differently Regulated in Two Grapevine Cultivars during Ripening |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secondary Metabolism and Defense Responses Are Differently Regulated in Two Grapevine Cultivars during Ripening |
| title_short | Secondary Metabolism and Defense Responses Are Differently Regulated in Two Grapevine Cultivars during Ripening |
| title_sort | secondary metabolism and defense responses are differently regulated in two grapevine cultivars during ripening |
| topic | high-throughput sequencing anthocyanin profile flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylases stilbene synthases defense metabolism <i>Vitis vinifera</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/6/3045 |
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