Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in <i>Quercus cerris</i> Bark Extracts
The species of the <i>Quercus</i> genus, including <i>Quercus cerris</i> L., are widely used and their wood represents a valuable material utilized for various purposes. The intense industrial processing of wood results in a considerable amount of poorly-used natural by-produ...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/3/240 |
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| author | Adrian Nisca Ruxandra Ștefănescu Cadmiel Moldovan Andrei Mocan Anca Delia Mare Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea Adrian Man Daniela-Lucia Muntean Corneliu Tanase |
| author_facet | Adrian Nisca Ruxandra Ștefănescu Cadmiel Moldovan Andrei Mocan Anca Delia Mare Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea Adrian Man Daniela-Lucia Muntean Corneliu Tanase |
| author_sort | Adrian Nisca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The species of the <i>Quercus</i> genus, including <i>Quercus cerris</i> L., are widely used and their wood represents a valuable material utilized for various purposes. The intense industrial processing of wood results in a considerable amount of poorly-used natural by-products, such as bark, and a loss of potentially useful raw materials. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the phytochemical characteristics and potential biological activities of <i>Quercus cerris</i> bark extracts obtained by optimizing the parameters of microwave assisted extraction (MAE). The optimum conditions for MAE were determined using a design of experiments (DoE) model, which set the experimental variables (irradiation time and microwave power) and their values. Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extractions were performed and the optimum parameters of extraction were determined for both solvents. The total polyphenolic and tannin contents were determined. The biological activities representative of antioxidant capacity were determined using two free radical scavenging methods, the DPPH and ABTS methods, and the antibacterial activity was assessed with the microdilution method. The results showed different optimal extraction conditions for aqueous (30 min at 850 W) and hydroalcoholic (18 min at 650 W) extracts. A higher yield of total polyphenols was observed in the hydroalcoholic bark extract (403.73 ± 7.35 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried weight); however a lower level of tannins was registered in comparison to the aqueous extract. In addition, both extracts exerted high antioxidant activities, with the aqueous extracts having a stronger inhibitory effect against the DPPH radical. Moreover, the extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains, especially against the Gram-positive strains and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, with the hydroalcoholic extracts being more efficient overall. To conclude, the optimized MAE was an efficient method to extract phytochemical compounds with potential biological effects from <i>Quercus cerris</i> bark. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:20:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3265552c949c481c84bf3473840bb2262023-11-23T17:28:39ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-01-0111324010.3390/plants11030240Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in <i>Quercus cerris</i> Bark ExtractsAdrian Nisca0Ruxandra Ștefănescu1Cadmiel Moldovan2Andrei Mocan3Anca Delia Mare4Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea5Adrian Man6Daniela-Lucia Muntean7Corneliu Tanase8Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, RomaniaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, RomaniaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, RomaniaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, Gh. Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, RomaniaThe species of the <i>Quercus</i> genus, including <i>Quercus cerris</i> L., are widely used and their wood represents a valuable material utilized for various purposes. The intense industrial processing of wood results in a considerable amount of poorly-used natural by-products, such as bark, and a loss of potentially useful raw materials. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the phytochemical characteristics and potential biological activities of <i>Quercus cerris</i> bark extracts obtained by optimizing the parameters of microwave assisted extraction (MAE). The optimum conditions for MAE were determined using a design of experiments (DoE) model, which set the experimental variables (irradiation time and microwave power) and their values. Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extractions were performed and the optimum parameters of extraction were determined for both solvents. The total polyphenolic and tannin contents were determined. The biological activities representative of antioxidant capacity were determined using two free radical scavenging methods, the DPPH and ABTS methods, and the antibacterial activity was assessed with the microdilution method. The results showed different optimal extraction conditions for aqueous (30 min at 850 W) and hydroalcoholic (18 min at 650 W) extracts. A higher yield of total polyphenols was observed in the hydroalcoholic bark extract (403.73 ± 7.35 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried weight); however a lower level of tannins was registered in comparison to the aqueous extract. In addition, both extracts exerted high antioxidant activities, with the aqueous extracts having a stronger inhibitory effect against the DPPH radical. Moreover, the extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains, especially against the Gram-positive strains and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, with the hydroalcoholic extracts being more efficient overall. To conclude, the optimized MAE was an efficient method to extract phytochemical compounds with potential biological effects from <i>Quercus cerris</i> bark.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/3/240antibacterial activityradical scavenge activityGram-positive<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>optimizationpolyphenols |
| spellingShingle | Adrian Nisca Ruxandra Ștefănescu Cadmiel Moldovan Andrei Mocan Anca Delia Mare Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea Adrian Man Daniela-Lucia Muntean Corneliu Tanase Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in <i>Quercus cerris</i> Bark Extracts Plants antibacterial activity radical scavenge activity Gram-positive <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> optimization polyphenols |
| title | Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in <i>Quercus cerris</i> Bark Extracts |
| title_full | Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in <i>Quercus cerris</i> Bark Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in <i>Quercus cerris</i> Bark Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in <i>Quercus cerris</i> Bark Extracts |
| title_short | Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in <i>Quercus cerris</i> Bark Extracts |
| title_sort | optimization of microwave assisted extraction conditions to improve phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant and anti microbial activity in i quercus cerris i bark extracts |
| topic | antibacterial activity radical scavenge activity Gram-positive <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> optimization polyphenols |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/3/240 |
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