Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sarcopenia negatively affects skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation, with or without resistance exercise training (RET), is suggested to play a role as a therapeutic component to prevent or treat the negative effects of sarcopenia. A systematic r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/11/2221 |
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| author | Stephen M. Cornish Dean M. Cordingley Keely A. Shaw Scott C. Forbes Taylor Leonhardt Ainsley Bristol Darren G. Candow Philip D. Chilibeck |
| author_facet | Stephen M. Cornish Dean M. Cordingley Keely A. Shaw Scott C. Forbes Taylor Leonhardt Ainsley Bristol Darren G. Candow Philip D. Chilibeck |
| author_sort | Stephen M. Cornish |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sarcopenia negatively affects skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation, with or without resistance exercise training (RET), is suggested to play a role as a therapeutic component to prevent or treat the negative effects of sarcopenia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the impact of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation with or without RET on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (≥55 y). The data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. All the study types involving ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (without disease) were included. The mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Sixteen studies (1660 females, 778 males) met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. ω-3 fatty acid supplementation did not impact lean tissue mass (SMD 0.09 [−0.10, 0.28]). Benefits were observed for lower body strength (SMD 0.54 [0.33, 0.75]), timed-up-and-go (MD 0.29 [0.23, 0.35]s), and 30-s sit-to-stand performance (MD 1.93 [1.59, 2.26] repetitions) but not walking performance (SMD −0.01 [−0.10, 0.07]) or upper body strength (SMD 0.05 [−0.04, 0.13]). Supplementing with ω-3 fatty acids may improve the lower-body strength and functionality in older adults. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:00:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-32b64fbc25664b9aba21f11797e15c18 |
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| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:00:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-32b64fbc25664b9aba21f11797e15c182023-11-23T14:35:28ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-05-011411222110.3390/nu14112221Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisStephen M. Cornish0Dean M. Cordingley1Keely A. Shaw2Scott C. Forbes3Taylor Leonhardt4Ainsley Bristol5Darren G. Candow6Philip D. Chilibeck7Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaFaculty of Graduate Studies, Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaCollege of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, CanadaCentre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaCollege of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, CanadaCollege of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, CanadaFaculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, CanadaCollege of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, CanadaSarcopenia negatively affects skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation, with or without resistance exercise training (RET), is suggested to play a role as a therapeutic component to prevent or treat the negative effects of sarcopenia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the impact of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation with or without RET on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (≥55 y). The data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. All the study types involving ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (without disease) were included. The mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Sixteen studies (1660 females, 778 males) met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. ω-3 fatty acid supplementation did not impact lean tissue mass (SMD 0.09 [−0.10, 0.28]). Benefits were observed for lower body strength (SMD 0.54 [0.33, 0.75]), timed-up-and-go (MD 0.29 [0.23, 0.35]s), and 30-s sit-to-stand performance (MD 1.93 [1.59, 2.26] repetitions) but not walking performance (SMD −0.01 [−0.10, 0.07]) or upper body strength (SMD 0.05 [−0.04, 0.13]). Supplementing with ω-3 fatty acids may improve the lower-body strength and functionality in older adults.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/11/2221sarcopeniaPUFAstrengthinflammationelderlyanabolism |
| spellingShingle | Stephen M. Cornish Dean M. Cordingley Keely A. Shaw Scott C. Forbes Taylor Leonhardt Ainsley Bristol Darren G. Candow Philip D. Chilibeck Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Nutrients sarcopenia PUFA strength inflammation elderly anabolism |
| title | Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | effects of omega 3 supplementation alone and combined with resistance exercise on skeletal muscle in older adults a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | sarcopenia PUFA strength inflammation elderly anabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/11/2221 |
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