Engineering human spinal microphysiological systems to model opioid-induced tolerance
pioids are commonly used for treating chronic pain. However, with continued use, they may induce tolerance and/or hyperalgesia, which limits therapeutic efficacy. The human mechanisms of opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia are significantly understudied, in part, because current models cannot...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2023-04-01
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Series: | Bioactive Materials |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X22004315 |