Engineering human spinal microphysiological systems to model opioid-induced tolerance

pioids are commonly used for treating chronic pain. However, with continued use, they may induce tolerance and/or hyperalgesia, which limits therapeutic efficacy. The human mechanisms of opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia are significantly understudied, in part, because current models cannot...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hongwei Cai, Zheng Ao, Chunhui Tian, Zhuhao Wu, Connor Kaurich, Zi Chen, Mingxia Gu, Andrea G. Hohmann, Ken Mackie, Feng Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2023-04-01
Series:Bioactive Materials
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X22004315