The Citrullination-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Axis in Chronic Diseases
Citrullination of proteins is crucial for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) – strands of nuclear DNA expulsed in the extracellular environment along with antimicrobial proteins in order to halt the spread of pathogens. Paradoxically, NETs may be immunogenic and contribute to inf...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Karger Publishers
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Innate Immunity |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/522331 |
| _version_ | 1817978461133733888 |
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| author | Martin Maronek Roman Gardlik |
| author_facet | Martin Maronek Roman Gardlik |
| author_sort | Martin Maronek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Citrullination of proteins is crucial for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) – strands of nuclear DNA expulsed in the extracellular environment along with antimicrobial proteins in order to halt the spread of pathogens. Paradoxically, NETs may be immunogenic and contribute to inflammation. It is known that for the externalization of DNA, a group of enzymes called peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) is required. Current research often looks at citrullination, NET formation, PAD overexpression, and extracellular DNA (ecDNA) accumulation in chronic diseases as separate events. In contrast, we propose that citrullination can be viewed as the primary mechanism of autoimmunity, for instance by the formation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) but also as a process contributing to chronic inflammation. Therefore, citrullination could be at the center, connecting and impacting multiple inflammatory diseases in which ACPAs, NETs, or ecDNA have already been documented. In this review, we aimed to highlight the importance of citrullination in the etiopathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases and to explore the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of the citrullination-NET axis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:30:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33d5f1fe96cf4ac992a96f7136d41d18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-811X 1662-8128 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:30:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Karger Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Innate Immunity |
| spelling | doaj.art-33d5f1fe96cf4ac992a96f7136d41d182022-12-22T02:26:57ZengKarger PublishersJournal of Innate Immunity1662-811X1662-81282022-03-0112510.1159/000522331522331The Citrullination-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Axis in Chronic DiseasesMartin MaronekRoman GardlikCitrullination of proteins is crucial for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) – strands of nuclear DNA expulsed in the extracellular environment along with antimicrobial proteins in order to halt the spread of pathogens. Paradoxically, NETs may be immunogenic and contribute to inflammation. It is known that for the externalization of DNA, a group of enzymes called peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) is required. Current research often looks at citrullination, NET formation, PAD overexpression, and extracellular DNA (ecDNA) accumulation in chronic diseases as separate events. In contrast, we propose that citrullination can be viewed as the primary mechanism of autoimmunity, for instance by the formation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) but also as a process contributing to chronic inflammation. Therefore, citrullination could be at the center, connecting and impacting multiple inflammatory diseases in which ACPAs, NETs, or ecDNA have already been documented. In this review, we aimed to highlight the importance of citrullination in the etiopathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases and to explore the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of the citrullination-NET axis.https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/522331citrullinationneutrophil extracellular trapsautoimmune diseasemetabolic diseasecardiovascular disease |
| spellingShingle | Martin Maronek Roman Gardlik The Citrullination-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Axis in Chronic Diseases Journal of Innate Immunity citrullination neutrophil extracellular traps autoimmune disease metabolic disease cardiovascular disease |
| title | The Citrullination-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Axis in Chronic Diseases |
| title_full | The Citrullination-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Axis in Chronic Diseases |
| title_fullStr | The Citrullination-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Axis in Chronic Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Citrullination-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Axis in Chronic Diseases |
| title_short | The Citrullination-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Axis in Chronic Diseases |
| title_sort | citrullination neutrophil extracellular trap axis in chronic diseases |
| topic | citrullination neutrophil extracellular traps autoimmune disease metabolic disease cardiovascular disease |
| url | https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/522331 |
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