Transcriptome co-expression network analysis identifies key genes and regulators of ripening kiwifruit ester biosynthesis
Abstract Background Aroma is an important organoleptic quality for fruit and has a large influence on consumer preference. Kiwifruit esters undergo rapid and substantial changes contributing to the flavor during fruit ripening. Part of enzymes and their coding genes have been indicated potential can...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-020-2314-9 |
| _version_ | 1818303305305030656 |
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| author | Aidi Zhang Qiuyun Zhang Jianzhao Li Hansheng Gong Xinguang Fan Yanqing Yang Xiaofen Liu Xueren Yin |
| author_facet | Aidi Zhang Qiuyun Zhang Jianzhao Li Hansheng Gong Xinguang Fan Yanqing Yang Xiaofen Liu Xueren Yin |
| author_sort | Aidi Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Aroma is an important organoleptic quality for fruit and has a large influence on consumer preference. Kiwifruit esters undergo rapid and substantial changes contributing to the flavor during fruit ripening. Part of enzymes and their coding genes have been indicated potential candidates for flavor-related esters synthesis. However, there still exist obvious gaps in the biosynthetic pathways of esters and the mechanisms regulating ester biosynthesis in kiwifruit remain unknown. Results Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), volatile compounds of kiwifruit were quantified in response to ethylene (ETH, 100 μl/l, 24 h, 20 °C) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 1 μl/l, 24 h, 20 °C). The results indicated that esters showed the most substantial changes enhanced by ethylene and were inhibited by 1-MCP. Correlations between RNA-seq results and concentrations of esters, constructed using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) indicated that three structural genes (fatty acid desaturase, AdFAD1; aldehyde dehydrogenase, AdALDH2; alcohol acyltransferase, AdAT17) had similar expression patterns that paralled the changes in total ester content, and AdFAD1 transcripts exhibited the highest correlation. In order to search for potential regulators for ester biosynthesis, 14 previously reported ethylene-responsive transcription factors (TFs) were included in the correlation analysis with esters and their biosynthetic genes. Using dual-luciferase assay, the in vivo regulatory activities of TFs on ester biosynthetic gene promoters were investigated and the results indicated that AdNAC5 and AdDof4 (DNA binding with one finger) trans-activated and trans-suppressed the AdFAD1 promoter. Conclusions The present study advanced the molecular basis of ripening-related ester biosynthesis in kiwifruit by identifying three biosynthetic related genes AdFAD1, AdALDH2 and AdAT17 by transcriptome analysis, and highlighted the function of two TFs by transactivation studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T05:52:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33ee2060718c4c2da397c3769604b061 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T05:52:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-33ee2060718c4c2da397c3769604b0612022-12-21T23:57:30ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292020-03-0120111210.1186/s12870-020-2314-9Transcriptome co-expression network analysis identifies key genes and regulators of ripening kiwifruit ester biosynthesisAidi Zhang0Qiuyun Zhang1Jianzhao Li2Hansheng Gong3Xinguang Fan4Yanqing Yang5Xiaofen Liu6Xueren Yin7School of Food Engineering, Ludong UniversityCollege of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversitySchool of Agriculture, Ludong UniversitySchool of Food Engineering, Ludong UniversitySchool of Food Engineering, Ludong UniversitySchool of Food Engineering, Ludong UniversityCollege of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityAbstract Background Aroma is an important organoleptic quality for fruit and has a large influence on consumer preference. Kiwifruit esters undergo rapid and substantial changes contributing to the flavor during fruit ripening. Part of enzymes and their coding genes have been indicated potential candidates for flavor-related esters synthesis. However, there still exist obvious gaps in the biosynthetic pathways of esters and the mechanisms regulating ester biosynthesis in kiwifruit remain unknown. Results Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), volatile compounds of kiwifruit were quantified in response to ethylene (ETH, 100 μl/l, 24 h, 20 °C) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, 1 μl/l, 24 h, 20 °C). The results indicated that esters showed the most substantial changes enhanced by ethylene and were inhibited by 1-MCP. Correlations between RNA-seq results and concentrations of esters, constructed using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) indicated that three structural genes (fatty acid desaturase, AdFAD1; aldehyde dehydrogenase, AdALDH2; alcohol acyltransferase, AdAT17) had similar expression patterns that paralled the changes in total ester content, and AdFAD1 transcripts exhibited the highest correlation. In order to search for potential regulators for ester biosynthesis, 14 previously reported ethylene-responsive transcription factors (TFs) were included in the correlation analysis with esters and their biosynthetic genes. Using dual-luciferase assay, the in vivo regulatory activities of TFs on ester biosynthetic gene promoters were investigated and the results indicated that AdNAC5 and AdDof4 (DNA binding with one finger) trans-activated and trans-suppressed the AdFAD1 promoter. Conclusions The present study advanced the molecular basis of ripening-related ester biosynthesis in kiwifruit by identifying three biosynthetic related genes AdFAD1, AdALDH2 and AdAT17 by transcriptome analysis, and highlighted the function of two TFs by transactivation studies.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-020-2314-9AromaKiwifruitRNA-seqEster biosynthesisTranscriptional regulationRipening fruit |
| spellingShingle | Aidi Zhang Qiuyun Zhang Jianzhao Li Hansheng Gong Xinguang Fan Yanqing Yang Xiaofen Liu Xueren Yin Transcriptome co-expression network analysis identifies key genes and regulators of ripening kiwifruit ester biosynthesis BMC Plant Biology Aroma Kiwifruit RNA-seq Ester biosynthesis Transcriptional regulation Ripening fruit |
| title | Transcriptome co-expression network analysis identifies key genes and regulators of ripening kiwifruit ester biosynthesis |
| title_full | Transcriptome co-expression network analysis identifies key genes and regulators of ripening kiwifruit ester biosynthesis |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptome co-expression network analysis identifies key genes and regulators of ripening kiwifruit ester biosynthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome co-expression network analysis identifies key genes and regulators of ripening kiwifruit ester biosynthesis |
| title_short | Transcriptome co-expression network analysis identifies key genes and regulators of ripening kiwifruit ester biosynthesis |
| title_sort | transcriptome co expression network analysis identifies key genes and regulators of ripening kiwifruit ester biosynthesis |
| topic | Aroma Kiwifruit RNA-seq Ester biosynthesis Transcriptional regulation Ripening fruit |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-020-2314-9 |
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