Activating the DNA Damage Response and Suppressing Innate Immunity: Human Papillomaviruses Walk the Line
Activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) by external agents can result in DNA fragments entering the cytoplasm and activating innate immune signaling pathways, including the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. The consequences of this activation can result in alterations in the cell c...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/6/467 |
| _version_ | 1797565414655393792 |
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| author | Claire D. James Dipon Das Molly L. Bristol Iain M. Morgan |
| author_facet | Claire D. James Dipon Das Molly L. Bristol Iain M. Morgan |
| author_sort | Claire D. James |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) by external agents can result in DNA fragments entering the cytoplasm and activating innate immune signaling pathways, including the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. The consequences of this activation can result in alterations in the cell cycle including the induction of cellular senescence, as well as boost the adaptive immune response following interferon production. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents in a host of human cancers including cervical and oropharyngeal; HPV are responsible for around 5% of all cancers. During infection, HPV replication activates the DDR in order to promote the viral life cycle. A striking feature of HPV-infected cells is their ability to continue to proliferate in the presence of an active DDR. Simultaneously, HPV suppress the innate immune response using a number of different mechanisms. The activation of the DDR and suppression of the innate immune response are essential for the progression of the viral life cycle. Here, we describe the mechanisms HPV use to turn on the DDR, while simultaneously suppressing the innate immune response. Pushing HPV from this fine line and tipping the balance towards activation of the innate immune response would be therapeutically beneficial. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:11:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-349252f9f0d24f5ba9d880878a26be34 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:11:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-349252f9f0d24f5ba9d880878a26be342023-11-20T03:42:28ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-06-019646710.3390/pathogens9060467Activating the DNA Damage Response and Suppressing Innate Immunity: Human Papillomaviruses Walk the LineClaire D. James0Dipon Das1Molly L. Bristol2Iain M. Morgan3Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USAPhilips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USAPhilips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USAPhilips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USAActivation of the DNA damage response (DDR) by external agents can result in DNA fragments entering the cytoplasm and activating innate immune signaling pathways, including the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. The consequences of this activation can result in alterations in the cell cycle including the induction of cellular senescence, as well as boost the adaptive immune response following interferon production. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents in a host of human cancers including cervical and oropharyngeal; HPV are responsible for around 5% of all cancers. During infection, HPV replication activates the DDR in order to promote the viral life cycle. A striking feature of HPV-infected cells is their ability to continue to proliferate in the presence of an active DDR. Simultaneously, HPV suppress the innate immune response using a number of different mechanisms. The activation of the DDR and suppression of the innate immune response are essential for the progression of the viral life cycle. Here, we describe the mechanisms HPV use to turn on the DDR, while simultaneously suppressing the innate immune response. Pushing HPV from this fine line and tipping the balance towards activation of the innate immune response would be therapeutically beneficial.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/6/467human papillomaviruscervical cancerhead and neck cancerDNA damage responseinnate immune responseinteraction |
| spellingShingle | Claire D. James Dipon Das Molly L. Bristol Iain M. Morgan Activating the DNA Damage Response and Suppressing Innate Immunity: Human Papillomaviruses Walk the Line Pathogens human papillomavirus cervical cancer head and neck cancer DNA damage response innate immune response interaction |
| title | Activating the DNA Damage Response and Suppressing Innate Immunity: Human Papillomaviruses Walk the Line |
| title_full | Activating the DNA Damage Response and Suppressing Innate Immunity: Human Papillomaviruses Walk the Line |
| title_fullStr | Activating the DNA Damage Response and Suppressing Innate Immunity: Human Papillomaviruses Walk the Line |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activating the DNA Damage Response and Suppressing Innate Immunity: Human Papillomaviruses Walk the Line |
| title_short | Activating the DNA Damage Response and Suppressing Innate Immunity: Human Papillomaviruses Walk the Line |
| title_sort | activating the dna damage response and suppressing innate immunity human papillomaviruses walk the line |
| topic | human papillomavirus cervical cancer head and neck cancer DNA damage response innate immune response interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/6/467 |
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