The Response of the Honey Bee Gut Microbiota to <i>Nosema ceranae</i> Is Modulated by the Probiotic <i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i> and the Neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam
The honey bee <i>Apis mellifera</i> is exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors, such as the highly prevalent microsporidian parasite <i>Nosema</i> (<i>Vairimorpha) ceranae</i> and neonicotinoid insecticides. Both can affect honey bee physiology and mi...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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Series: | Microorganisms |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/1/192 |