The Impact of Smoking on Microbiota: A Narrative Review
Cigarette smoke is a classic risk factor for many diseases. The microbiota has been recently indicated as a new, major player in human health. Its deregulation—dysbiosis—is considered a new risk factor for several illnesses. Some studies highlight a cross-interaction between these two risk factors—s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/4/1144 |
| _version_ | 1797606270332567552 |
|---|---|
| author | Sara Cicchinelli Federico Rosa Federica Manca Christian Zanza Veronica Ojetti Marcello Covino Marcello Candelli Antonio Gasbarrini Francesco Franceschi Andrea Piccioni |
| author_facet | Sara Cicchinelli Federico Rosa Federica Manca Christian Zanza Veronica Ojetti Marcello Covino Marcello Candelli Antonio Gasbarrini Francesco Franceschi Andrea Piccioni |
| author_sort | Sara Cicchinelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cigarette smoke is a classic risk factor for many diseases. The microbiota has been recently indicated as a new, major player in human health. Its deregulation—dysbiosis—is considered a new risk factor for several illnesses. Some studies highlight a cross-interaction between these two risk factors—smoke and dysbiosis—that may explain the pathogenesis of some diseases. We searched the keywords “smoking OR smoke AND microbiota” in the title of articles on PubMed<sup>®</sup>, UptoDate<sup>®</sup>, and Cochrane<sup>®</sup>. We included articles published in English over the last 25 years. We collected approximately 70 articles, grouped into four topics: oral cavity, airways, gut, and other organs. Smoke may impair microbiota homeostasis through the same harmful mechanisms exerted on the host cells. Surprisingly, dysbiosis and its consequences affect not only those organs that are in direct contact with the smoke, such as the oral cavity or the airways, but also involve distant organs, such as the gut, heart, vessels, and genitourinary tract. These observations yield a deeper insight into the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of smoke-related diseases, suggesting a role of dysbiosis. We speculate that modulation of the microbiota may help prevent and treat some of these illnesses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:12:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-34f52df93b6345629710291641f0ed3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:12:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-34f52df93b6345629710291641f0ed3c2023-11-17T18:27:08ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-04-01114114410.3390/biomedicines11041144The Impact of Smoking on Microbiota: A Narrative ReviewSara Cicchinelli0Federico Rosa1Federica Manca2Christian Zanza3Veronica Ojetti4Marcello Covino5Marcello Candelli6Antonio Gasbarrini7Francesco Franceschi8Andrea Piccioni9Department of Emergency, Ospedale SS. Filippo e Nicola, 67051 Avezzano, ItalyDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Emergency Medicine, Ospedale Michele e Pietro Ferrero, 12060 Cuneo, ItalyDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, ItalyCigarette smoke is a classic risk factor for many diseases. The microbiota has been recently indicated as a new, major player in human health. Its deregulation—dysbiosis—is considered a new risk factor for several illnesses. Some studies highlight a cross-interaction between these two risk factors—smoke and dysbiosis—that may explain the pathogenesis of some diseases. We searched the keywords “smoking OR smoke AND microbiota” in the title of articles on PubMed<sup>®</sup>, UptoDate<sup>®</sup>, and Cochrane<sup>®</sup>. We included articles published in English over the last 25 years. We collected approximately 70 articles, grouped into four topics: oral cavity, airways, gut, and other organs. Smoke may impair microbiota homeostasis through the same harmful mechanisms exerted on the host cells. Surprisingly, dysbiosis and its consequences affect not only those organs that are in direct contact with the smoke, such as the oral cavity or the airways, but also involve distant organs, such as the gut, heart, vessels, and genitourinary tract. These observations yield a deeper insight into the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of smoke-related diseases, suggesting a role of dysbiosis. We speculate that modulation of the microbiota may help prevent and treat some of these illnesses.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/4/1144smokingmicrobiotacigarette smoke |
| spellingShingle | Sara Cicchinelli Federico Rosa Federica Manca Christian Zanza Veronica Ojetti Marcello Covino Marcello Candelli Antonio Gasbarrini Francesco Franceschi Andrea Piccioni The Impact of Smoking on Microbiota: A Narrative Review Biomedicines smoking microbiota cigarette smoke |
| title | The Impact of Smoking on Microbiota: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | The Impact of Smoking on Microbiota: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Smoking on Microbiota: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Smoking on Microbiota: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | The Impact of Smoking on Microbiota: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | impact of smoking on microbiota a narrative review |
| topic | smoking microbiota cigarette smoke |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/4/1144 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saracicchinelli theimpactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT federicorosa theimpactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT federicamanca theimpactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT christianzanza theimpactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT veronicaojetti theimpactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT marcellocovino theimpactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT marcellocandelli theimpactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT antoniogasbarrini theimpactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT francescofranceschi theimpactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT andreapiccioni theimpactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT saracicchinelli impactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT federicorosa impactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT federicamanca impactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT christianzanza impactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT veronicaojetti impactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT marcellocovino impactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT marcellocandelli impactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT antoniogasbarrini impactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT francescofranceschi impactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview AT andreapiccioni impactofsmokingonmicrobiotaanarrativereview |