Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water
In this paper, we derive and present quantitative expressions governing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) techniques in both air and water. Metrics such as minimum detectable contact potential difference, minimum required AC bias, and signal-to-noise r...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Beilstein-Institut
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.82 |
| _version_ | 1798035569697095680 |
|---|---|
| author | Jason I. Kilpatrick Emrullah Kargin Brian J. Rodriguez |
| author_facet | Jason I. Kilpatrick Emrullah Kargin Brian J. Rodriguez |
| author_sort | Jason I. Kilpatrick |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we derive and present quantitative expressions governing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) techniques in both air and water. Metrics such as minimum detectable contact potential difference, minimum required AC bias, and signal-to-noise ratio are compared and contrasted both off resonance and utilizing the first two eigenmodes of the cantilever. These comparisons allow the reader to quickly and quantitatively identify the parameters for the best performance for a given KPFM-based experiment in a given environment. Furthermore, we apply these performance metrics in the identification of KPFM-based modes that are most suitable for operation in liquid environments where bias application can lead to unwanted electrochemical reactions. We conclude that open-loop multifrequency KPFM modes operated with the first harmonic of the electrostatic response on the first eigenmode offer the best performance in liquid environments whilst needing the smallest AC bias for operation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:00:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37fa295e946149b6955d231c38be0525 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2190-4286 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:00:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Beilstein-Institut |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-37fa295e946149b6955d231c38be05252022-12-22T04:03:32ZengBeilstein-InstitutBeilstein Journal of Nanotechnology2190-42862022-09-0113192294310.3762/bjnano.13.822190-4286-13-82Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and waterJason I. Kilpatrick0Emrullah Kargin1Brian J. Rodriguez2School of Physics and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland School of Physics and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland School of Physics and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland In this paper, we derive and present quantitative expressions governing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) techniques in both air and water. Metrics such as minimum detectable contact potential difference, minimum required AC bias, and signal-to-noise ratio are compared and contrasted both off resonance and utilizing the first two eigenmodes of the cantilever. These comparisons allow the reader to quickly and quantitatively identify the parameters for the best performance for a given KPFM-based experiment in a given environment. Furthermore, we apply these performance metrics in the identification of KPFM-based modes that are most suitable for operation in liquid environments where bias application can lead to unwanted electrochemical reactions. We conclude that open-loop multifrequency KPFM modes operated with the first harmonic of the electrostatic response on the first eigenmode offer the best performance in liquid environments whilst needing the smallest AC bias for operation.https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.82afmatomic force microscopyclosed loopkelvin probe force microscopekpfmopen loopperformancesignal-to-noise ratio |
| spellingShingle | Jason I. Kilpatrick Emrullah Kargin Brian J. Rodriguez Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology afm atomic force microscopy closed loop kelvin probe force microscope kpfm open loop performance signal-to-noise ratio |
| title | Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water |
| title_full | Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water |
| title_fullStr | Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water |
| title_short | Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water |
| title_sort | comparing the performance of single and multifrequency kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water |
| topic | afm atomic force microscopy closed loop kelvin probe force microscope kpfm open loop performance signal-to-noise ratio |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.82 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jasonikilpatrick comparingtheperformanceofsingleandmultifrequencykelvinprobeforcemicroscopytechniquesinairandwater AT emrullahkargin comparingtheperformanceofsingleandmultifrequencykelvinprobeforcemicroscopytechniquesinairandwater AT brianjrodriguez comparingtheperformanceofsingleandmultifrequencykelvinprobeforcemicroscopytechniquesinairandwater |