Improvement of cancer immunotherapy by combining molecular targeted therapy
In human cancer cells, a constitutive activation of MAPK, STAT3, β-catenin, and various other signaling pathways triggers multiple immunosuppressive cascades. These cascades result in the production of immunosuppressive molecules (e.g. TGF-β, IL-10, IL-6, VEGF, and CCL2) and induction of immunosuppr...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2013-05-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fonc.2013.00136/full |