Minimal Gluten Exposure Alters Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds in Stable Coeliac Disease
Coeliac disease (CD) patients are distinguishable from healthy individuals via urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis. We exposed 20 stable CD patients on gluten-free diet (GFDs) to a 14-day, 3 g/day gluten challenge (GCh), and assessed urinary VOC changes. A control cohort of 20 patient...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/1290 |
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| author | Michael McFarlane Ramesh P. Arasaradnam Beryl Reed Emma Daulton Alfian Wicaksono Heena Tyagi James A. Covington Chuka Nwokolo |
| author_facet | Michael McFarlane Ramesh P. Arasaradnam Beryl Reed Emma Daulton Alfian Wicaksono Heena Tyagi James A. Covington Chuka Nwokolo |
| author_sort | Michael McFarlane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coeliac disease (CD) patients are distinguishable from healthy individuals via urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis. We exposed 20 stable CD patients on gluten-free diet (GFDs) to a 14-day, 3 g/day gluten challenge (GCh), and assessed urinary VOC changes. A control cohort of 20 patients continued on GFD. Urine samples from Days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 56 were analysed using Lonestar FAIMS and Markes Gas Chromatography–Time of Flight–Mass Spectrometer (GC-TOF-MS). VOC signatures on D (day) 7–56 were compared with D0. Statistical analysis was performed using R. In GCh patients, FAIMS revealed significant VOC differences for all time points compared to D0. GC-TOF-MS revealed significant changes at D7 and D14 only. In control samples, FAIMS revealed significant differences at D7 only. GC-TOF-MS detected no significant differences. Chemical analysis via GC-MS-TOF revealed 12 chemicals with significantly altered intensities at D7 vs. D0 for GCh patients. The alterations persisted for six chemicals at D14 and one (N-methyltaurine) remained altered after D14. This low-dose, short-duration challenge was well tolerated. FAIMS and GC-TOF-MS detected VOC signature changes in CD patients when undergoing a minimal GCh. These findings suggest urinary VOCs could have a role in monitoring dietary compliance in CD patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:05:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-391d3797222c488d857b2055d57ee85e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:05:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-391d3797222c488d857b2055d57ee85e2023-11-23T17:53:35ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-02-01223129010.3390/s22031290Minimal Gluten Exposure Alters Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds in Stable Coeliac DiseaseMichael McFarlane0Ramesh P. Arasaradnam1Beryl Reed2Emma Daulton3Alfian Wicaksono4Heena Tyagi5James A. Covington6Chuka Nwokolo7Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKDepartment of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKDepartment of Dietetics, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKDepartment of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKCoeliac disease (CD) patients are distinguishable from healthy individuals via urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis. We exposed 20 stable CD patients on gluten-free diet (GFDs) to a 14-day, 3 g/day gluten challenge (GCh), and assessed urinary VOC changes. A control cohort of 20 patients continued on GFD. Urine samples from Days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 56 were analysed using Lonestar FAIMS and Markes Gas Chromatography–Time of Flight–Mass Spectrometer (GC-TOF-MS). VOC signatures on D (day) 7–56 were compared with D0. Statistical analysis was performed using R. In GCh patients, FAIMS revealed significant VOC differences for all time points compared to D0. GC-TOF-MS revealed significant changes at D7 and D14 only. In control samples, FAIMS revealed significant differences at D7 only. GC-TOF-MS detected no significant differences. Chemical analysis via GC-MS-TOF revealed 12 chemicals with significantly altered intensities at D7 vs. D0 for GCh patients. The alterations persisted for six chemicals at D14 and one (N-methyltaurine) remained altered after D14. This low-dose, short-duration challenge was well tolerated. FAIMS and GC-TOF-MS detected VOC signature changes in CD patients when undergoing a minimal GCh. These findings suggest urinary VOCs could have a role in monitoring dietary compliance in CD patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/1290coeliac diseaseVOCsFAIMSgluten challengegluten free diet |
| spellingShingle | Michael McFarlane Ramesh P. Arasaradnam Beryl Reed Emma Daulton Alfian Wicaksono Heena Tyagi James A. Covington Chuka Nwokolo Minimal Gluten Exposure Alters Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds in Stable Coeliac Disease Sensors coeliac disease VOCs FAIMS gluten challenge gluten free diet |
| title | Minimal Gluten Exposure Alters Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds in Stable Coeliac Disease |
| title_full | Minimal Gluten Exposure Alters Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds in Stable Coeliac Disease |
| title_fullStr | Minimal Gluten Exposure Alters Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds in Stable Coeliac Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Minimal Gluten Exposure Alters Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds in Stable Coeliac Disease |
| title_short | Minimal Gluten Exposure Alters Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds in Stable Coeliac Disease |
| title_sort | minimal gluten exposure alters urinary volatile organic compounds in stable coeliac disease |
| topic | coeliac disease VOCs FAIMS gluten challenge gluten free diet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/1290 |
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