A D-Band Frequency-Doubling Traveling-Wave Amplifier Through Monolithic Integration of a SiC SIW and GaN HEMTs
We report a solid-state traveling-wave amplifier (TWA) realized through monolithic integration of transistors with a SiC substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW). The TWA uses a stepped-impedance microstrip line as the input divider, but a low-loss, high-power-capacity SIW as the output combiner. The in...
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10363170/ |
| _version_ | 1797234394290716672 |
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| author | Lei Li Patrick Fay James C. M. Hwang |
| author_facet | Lei Li Patrick Fay James C. M. Hwang |
| author_sort | Lei Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We report a solid-state traveling-wave amplifier (TWA) realized through monolithic integration of transistors with a SiC substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW). The TWA uses a stepped-impedance microstrip line as the input divider, but a low-loss, high-power-capacity SIW as the output combiner. The input signal is distributed to four GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) evenly in magnitude but with 90° successive phase delays at the fundamental frequency. The HEMTs are distributed in the SIW in a period of a half wavelength at the second harmonic frequency, so that their outputs are combined coherently at the SIW output. To overcome the limited speed of the HEMTs, they are driven nonlinearly to generate second harmonics, and their fundamental outputs are suppressed with the SIW acting as a high-pass filter. The measured characteristics of the TWA agree with that simulated at the small-signal level, but exceeds that simulated at the large-signal level. For example, under an input of 15 dBm at 70 GHz, the output at 140 GHz is 38-dB above that at 70 GHz. Under an input around 70 GHz and 20 dBm, the output around 140 GHz is 14 dBm with a 3-dB bandwidth of 6%. This is not only the first D-band frequency multiplier based on the GaN HEMT technology, but also one with the highest output power and the lowest fundamental leakage among all D-band multipliers of different transistor technologies. This proof-of-principle demonstration opens the path to improve the power, gain and efficiency of sub-terahertz TWAs with higher-performance transistors and drive circuits. Although the demonstration is through monolithic integration, the approach is applicable to heterogeneous integration with the SIW and transistors fabricated on separate chips. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:56:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39bb8bbf3ed0457b990f1cbfa5934361 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2692-8388 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:31:22Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
| spelling | doaj.art-39bb8bbf3ed0457b990f1cbfa59343612024-03-29T23:00:58ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Microwaves2692-83882024-01-014115816610.1109/JMW.2023.334011710363170A D-Band Frequency-Doubling Traveling-Wave Amplifier Through Monolithic Integration of a SiC SIW and GaN HEMTsLei Li0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5949-8654Patrick Fay1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-4978James C. M. Hwang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-0411School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USASchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USAWe report a solid-state traveling-wave amplifier (TWA) realized through monolithic integration of transistors with a SiC substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW). The TWA uses a stepped-impedance microstrip line as the input divider, but a low-loss, high-power-capacity SIW as the output combiner. The input signal is distributed to four GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) evenly in magnitude but with 90° successive phase delays at the fundamental frequency. The HEMTs are distributed in the SIW in a period of a half wavelength at the second harmonic frequency, so that their outputs are combined coherently at the SIW output. To overcome the limited speed of the HEMTs, they are driven nonlinearly to generate second harmonics, and their fundamental outputs are suppressed with the SIW acting as a high-pass filter. The measured characteristics of the TWA agree with that simulated at the small-signal level, but exceeds that simulated at the large-signal level. For example, under an input of 15 dBm at 70 GHz, the output at 140 GHz is 38-dB above that at 70 GHz. Under an input around 70 GHz and 20 dBm, the output around 140 GHz is 14 dBm with a 3-dB bandwidth of 6%. This is not only the first D-band frequency multiplier based on the GaN HEMT technology, but also one with the highest output power and the lowest fundamental leakage among all D-band multipliers of different transistor technologies. This proof-of-principle demonstration opens the path to improve the power, gain and efficiency of sub-terahertz TWAs with higher-performance transistors and drive circuits. Although the demonstration is through monolithic integration, the approach is applicable to heterogeneous integration with the SIW and transistors fabricated on separate chips.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10363170/Frequency multipliersmillimeter waveMMICspower combinerssubstrate integrated waveguidestraveling wave amplifiers |
| spellingShingle | Lei Li Patrick Fay James C. M. Hwang A D-Band Frequency-Doubling Traveling-Wave Amplifier Through Monolithic Integration of a SiC SIW and GaN HEMTs IEEE Journal of Microwaves Frequency multipliers millimeter wave MMICs power combiners substrate integrated waveguides traveling wave amplifiers |
| title | A D-Band Frequency-Doubling Traveling-Wave Amplifier Through Monolithic Integration of a SiC SIW and GaN HEMTs |
| title_full | A D-Band Frequency-Doubling Traveling-Wave Amplifier Through Monolithic Integration of a SiC SIW and GaN HEMTs |
| title_fullStr | A D-Band Frequency-Doubling Traveling-Wave Amplifier Through Monolithic Integration of a SiC SIW and GaN HEMTs |
| title_full_unstemmed | A D-Band Frequency-Doubling Traveling-Wave Amplifier Through Monolithic Integration of a SiC SIW and GaN HEMTs |
| title_short | A D-Band Frequency-Doubling Traveling-Wave Amplifier Through Monolithic Integration of a SiC SIW and GaN HEMTs |
| title_sort | d band frequency doubling traveling wave amplifier through monolithic integration of a sic siw and gan hemts |
| topic | Frequency multipliers millimeter wave MMICs power combiners substrate integrated waveguides traveling wave amplifiers |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10363170/ |
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