A Third Dose of an Inactivated Vaccine Dramatically Increased the Levels and Decay Times of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies, but Disappointingly Declined Again: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Cohort Study at 18 Serial Time Points Over 368 Days
BackgroundDue to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody decay and SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccine booster doses are a constant concern. It was focused on whether the third dose can quickly evoke and activate immunity and produce a sufficient and durable immune protection.ObjectivesTo evaluate the responses and durat...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.876037/full |
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| author | Xian-Ming Liang Xian-Ming Liang Qiu-Yan Xu Qiu-Yan Xu Zhi-Juan Jia Meng-Juan Wu Yan-Yun Liu Li-Rong Lin Li-Rong Lin Li-Li Liu Li-Li Liu Tian-Ci Yang Tian-Ci Yang |
| author_facet | Xian-Ming Liang Xian-Ming Liang Qiu-Yan Xu Qiu-Yan Xu Zhi-Juan Jia Meng-Juan Wu Yan-Yun Liu Li-Rong Lin Li-Rong Lin Li-Li Liu Li-Li Liu Tian-Ci Yang Tian-Ci Yang |
| author_sort | Xian-Ming Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundDue to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody decay and SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccine booster doses are a constant concern. It was focused on whether the third dose can quickly evoke and activate immunity and produce a sufficient and durable immune protection.ObjectivesTo evaluate the responses and durations of five subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and their predictive values for protection after the administration of a three-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines regimens.MethodsA prospective cohort study of five subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgM, and anti-Spike IgA) was carried out to evaluate the efficacies and immune characteristics of a three-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines regimen in 32 volunteers. The dynamic response and immune decay were longitudinally profiled at 18 serial time points over 368 days.ResultsThe neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG and anti-Spike IgA levels rapidly increased to 773.60 (380.90-1273.00) IU/mL, 639.30 (399.60-878.60) AU/mL, 34.48 (16.83-44.68) S/CO and 0.91 (0.35-1.14) S/CO, respectively, after the administration of the third dose. Compared to the peak value after the second dose, these values were increased by 4.22-fold, 3.71-fold, 1.01-fold and 0.92-fold. On the other hand, the half-lives of the neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, and anti-Spike IgG were 56.26 (95% CI, 46.81 to 70.49) days, 66.37 (95% CI, 54.90 to 83.88) days, and 82.91 (95% CI, 63.65 to 118.89) days, respectively. Compared to the half-lives after the second dose, these values were increased by 1.71-fold, 2.00-fold, and 2.93-fold, respectively. Nevertheless, the positive conversion rate of anti-Spike IgM was decreased to 9.38% (3/32), which was much lower than that after the second dose (65.63% (21/32)).ConclusionsCompared to the second dose, the third dose dramatically increased the antibody levels and decay times. However, the half-life of neutralizing antibody remained unsatisfactory. Due to decay, a fourth dose, and even annual revaccination, might be considered in the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination management strategy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T13:14:51Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T13:14:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c4b710c1944473d8620eb972092e7bd2022-12-22T01:06:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-04-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.876037876037A Third Dose of an Inactivated Vaccine Dramatically Increased the Levels and Decay Times of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies, but Disappointingly Declined Again: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Cohort Study at 18 Serial Time Points Over 368 DaysXian-Ming Liang0Xian-Ming Liang1Qiu-Yan Xu2Qiu-Yan Xu3Zhi-Juan Jia4Meng-Juan Wu5Yan-Yun Liu6Li-Rong Lin7Li-Rong Lin8Li-Li Liu9Li-Li Liu10Tian-Ci Yang11Tian-Ci Yang12Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaInstitute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaCentre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaInstitute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaR&D Center, Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen, ChinaR&D Center, Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen, ChinaR&D Center, Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen, ChinaCentre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaInstitute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaCentre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaInstitute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaCentre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaInstitute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaBackgroundDue to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody decay and SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccine booster doses are a constant concern. It was focused on whether the third dose can quickly evoke and activate immunity and produce a sufficient and durable immune protection.ObjectivesTo evaluate the responses and durations of five subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and their predictive values for protection after the administration of a three-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines regimens.MethodsA prospective cohort study of five subsets of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG, anti-Spike IgM, and anti-Spike IgA) was carried out to evaluate the efficacies and immune characteristics of a three-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines regimen in 32 volunteers. The dynamic response and immune decay were longitudinally profiled at 18 serial time points over 368 days.ResultsThe neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, anti-Spike IgG and anti-Spike IgA levels rapidly increased to 773.60 (380.90-1273.00) IU/mL, 639.30 (399.60-878.60) AU/mL, 34.48 (16.83-44.68) S/CO and 0.91 (0.35-1.14) S/CO, respectively, after the administration of the third dose. Compared to the peak value after the second dose, these values were increased by 4.22-fold, 3.71-fold, 1.01-fold and 0.92-fold. On the other hand, the half-lives of the neutralizing antibody, anti-RBD total antibody, and anti-Spike IgG were 56.26 (95% CI, 46.81 to 70.49) days, 66.37 (95% CI, 54.90 to 83.88) days, and 82.91 (95% CI, 63.65 to 118.89) days, respectively. Compared to the half-lives after the second dose, these values were increased by 1.71-fold, 2.00-fold, and 2.93-fold, respectively. Nevertheless, the positive conversion rate of anti-Spike IgM was decreased to 9.38% (3/32), which was much lower than that after the second dose (65.63% (21/32)).ConclusionsCompared to the second dose, the third dose dramatically increased the antibody levels and decay times. However, the half-life of neutralizing antibody remained unsatisfactory. Due to decay, a fourth dose, and even annual revaccination, might be considered in the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination management strategy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.876037/fullCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2neutralizing antibodyanti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodyCoronaVac |
| spellingShingle | Xian-Ming Liang Xian-Ming Liang Qiu-Yan Xu Qiu-Yan Xu Zhi-Juan Jia Meng-Juan Wu Yan-Yun Liu Li-Rong Lin Li-Rong Lin Li-Li Liu Li-Li Liu Tian-Ci Yang Tian-Ci Yang A Third Dose of an Inactivated Vaccine Dramatically Increased the Levels and Decay Times of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies, but Disappointingly Declined Again: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Cohort Study at 18 Serial Time Points Over 368 Days Frontiers in Immunology COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody CoronaVac |
| title | A Third Dose of an Inactivated Vaccine Dramatically Increased the Levels and Decay Times of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies, but Disappointingly Declined Again: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Cohort Study at 18 Serial Time Points Over 368 Days |
| title_full | A Third Dose of an Inactivated Vaccine Dramatically Increased the Levels and Decay Times of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies, but Disappointingly Declined Again: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Cohort Study at 18 Serial Time Points Over 368 Days |
| title_fullStr | A Third Dose of an Inactivated Vaccine Dramatically Increased the Levels and Decay Times of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies, but Disappointingly Declined Again: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Cohort Study at 18 Serial Time Points Over 368 Days |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Third Dose of an Inactivated Vaccine Dramatically Increased the Levels and Decay Times of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies, but Disappointingly Declined Again: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Cohort Study at 18 Serial Time Points Over 368 Days |
| title_short | A Third Dose of an Inactivated Vaccine Dramatically Increased the Levels and Decay Times of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies, but Disappointingly Declined Again: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Cohort Study at 18 Serial Time Points Over 368 Days |
| title_sort | third dose of an inactivated vaccine dramatically increased the levels and decay times of anti sars cov 2 antibodies but disappointingly declined again a prospective longitudinal cohort study at 18 serial time points over 368 days |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody CoronaVac |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.876037/full |
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