Reduction of Streptolysin O (SLO) Pore-Forming Activity Enhances Inflammasome Activation
Pore-forming toxins are utilized by bacterial and mammalian cells to exert pathogenic effects and induce cell lysis. In addition to rapid plasma membrane repair, macrophages respond to pore-forming toxins through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis. The st...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2013-06-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/6/1105 |
| _version_ | 1811298843860402176 |
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| author | Peter A. Keyel Robyn Roth Wayne M. Yokoyama John E. Heuser Russell D. Salter |
| author_facet | Peter A. Keyel Robyn Roth Wayne M. Yokoyama John E. Heuser Russell D. Salter |
| author_sort | Peter A. Keyel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pore-forming toxins are utilized by bacterial and mammalian cells to exert pathogenic effects and induce cell lysis. In addition to rapid plasma membrane repair, macrophages respond to pore-forming toxins through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis. The structural determinants of pore-forming toxins required for NLRP3 activation remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate using streptolysin O (SLO) that pore-formation controls IL-1β secretion and direct toxicity. An SLO mutant incapable of pore-formation did not promote direct killing, pyroptosis or IL-1β production. This indicated that pore formation is necessary for inflammasome activation. However, a partially active mutant (SLO N402C) that was less toxic to macrophages than wild-type SLO, even at concentrations that directly lysed an equivalent number of red blood cells, enhanced IL-1β production but did not alter pyroptosis. This suggests that direct lysis may attenuate immune responses by preventing macrophages from successfully repairing their plasma membrane and elaborating more robust cytokine production. We suggest that mutagenesis of pore-forming toxins represents a strategy to enhance adjuvant activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:25:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3c6828dbf7304f6e956fdef3f66f2e50 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:25:21Z |
| publishDate | 2013-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-3c6828dbf7304f6e956fdef3f66f2e502022-12-22T02:58:26ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512013-06-01561105111810.3390/toxins5061105Reduction of Streptolysin O (SLO) Pore-Forming Activity Enhances Inflammasome ActivationPeter A. KeyelRobyn RothWayne M. YokoyamaJohn E. HeuserRussell D. SalterPore-forming toxins are utilized by bacterial and mammalian cells to exert pathogenic effects and induce cell lysis. In addition to rapid plasma membrane repair, macrophages respond to pore-forming toxins through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis. The structural determinants of pore-forming toxins required for NLRP3 activation remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate using streptolysin O (SLO) that pore-formation controls IL-1β secretion and direct toxicity. An SLO mutant incapable of pore-formation did not promote direct killing, pyroptosis or IL-1β production. This indicated that pore formation is necessary for inflammasome activation. However, a partially active mutant (SLO N402C) that was less toxic to macrophages than wild-type SLO, even at concentrations that directly lysed an equivalent number of red blood cells, enhanced IL-1β production but did not alter pyroptosis. This suggests that direct lysis may attenuate immune responses by preventing macrophages from successfully repairing their plasma membrane and elaborating more robust cytokine production. We suggest that mutagenesis of pore-forming toxins represents a strategy to enhance adjuvant activity.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/6/1105NLRP3inflammasomeCaspase-1plasma membrane repairstreptolysin O |
| spellingShingle | Peter A. Keyel Robyn Roth Wayne M. Yokoyama John E. Heuser Russell D. Salter Reduction of Streptolysin O (SLO) Pore-Forming Activity Enhances Inflammasome Activation Toxins NLRP3 inflammasome Caspase-1 plasma membrane repair streptolysin O |
| title | Reduction of Streptolysin O (SLO) Pore-Forming Activity Enhances Inflammasome Activation |
| title_full | Reduction of Streptolysin O (SLO) Pore-Forming Activity Enhances Inflammasome Activation |
| title_fullStr | Reduction of Streptolysin O (SLO) Pore-Forming Activity Enhances Inflammasome Activation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduction of Streptolysin O (SLO) Pore-Forming Activity Enhances Inflammasome Activation |
| title_short | Reduction of Streptolysin O (SLO) Pore-Forming Activity Enhances Inflammasome Activation |
| title_sort | reduction of streptolysin o slo pore forming activity enhances inflammasome activation |
| topic | NLRP3 inflammasome Caspase-1 plasma membrane repair streptolysin O |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/6/1105 |
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