Oxidative stress, gene expression and histopathology of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) naturally co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus
Abstract Background Parasitic and bacterial co-infections have been associated with increasing fish mortalities and severe economic losses in aquaculture through the past three decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress, histopathology, and immune gene expression profile of...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2023-12-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03840-9 |
| _version_ | 1797388257465466880 |
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| author | Mahmoud Abou-Okada Maha M. Rashad Ghada E. Ali Shimaa Abdel-Radi Azza Hassan |
| author_facet | Mahmoud Abou-Okada Maha M. Rashad Ghada E. Ali Shimaa Abdel-Radi Azza Hassan |
| author_sort | Mahmoud Abou-Okada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Parasitic and bacterial co-infections have been associated with increasing fish mortalities and severe economic losses in aquaculture through the past three decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress, histopathology, and immune gene expression profile of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus. Results Vibrio alginolyticus and Ergasilus sieboldi were identified using 16 S rRNA and 28 S rRNA sequencing, respectively. The collagenase virulence gene was found in all Vibrio alginolyticus isolates, and the multiple antimicrobial resistance index ranged from 0.286 to 0.857. Oxidant-antioxidant parameters in the gills, skin, and muscles of naturally infected fish revealed increased lipid peroxidation levels and a decrease in catalase and glutathione antioxidant activities. Moreover, naturally co-infected gilthead sea bream exhibited substantial up-regulation of il-1β, tnf-α, and cyp1a1. Ergasilus sieboldi encircled gill lamellae with its second antennae, exhibited severe gill architectural deformation with extensive eosinophilic granular cell infiltration. Vibrio alginolyticus infection caused skin and muscle necrosis in gilthead sea bream. Conclusion This study described some details about the gill, skin and muscle tissue defense mechanisms of gilthead sea bream against Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus co-infections. The prevalence of co-infections was 100%, and no resistant fish were detected. These co-infections imbalance the health status of the fish by hampering the oxidant-antioxidant mechanisms and proinflammatory/inflammatory immune genes to a more detrimental side. Our results suggest that simultaneous screening for bacterial and parasitic pathogens should be considered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:38:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3cba9d1141a14cfa8244d8eac0e34aee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:38:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-3cba9d1141a14cfa8244d8eac0e34aee2023-12-17T12:20:39ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482023-12-0119111710.1186/s12917-023-03840-9Oxidative stress, gene expression and histopathology of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) naturally co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticusMahmoud Abou-Okada0Maha M. Rashad1Ghada E. Ali2Shimaa Abdel-Radi3Azza Hassan4Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityAbstract Background Parasitic and bacterial co-infections have been associated with increasing fish mortalities and severe economic losses in aquaculture through the past three decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress, histopathology, and immune gene expression profile of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus. Results Vibrio alginolyticus and Ergasilus sieboldi were identified using 16 S rRNA and 28 S rRNA sequencing, respectively. The collagenase virulence gene was found in all Vibrio alginolyticus isolates, and the multiple antimicrobial resistance index ranged from 0.286 to 0.857. Oxidant-antioxidant parameters in the gills, skin, and muscles of naturally infected fish revealed increased lipid peroxidation levels and a decrease in catalase and glutathione antioxidant activities. Moreover, naturally co-infected gilthead sea bream exhibited substantial up-regulation of il-1β, tnf-α, and cyp1a1. Ergasilus sieboldi encircled gill lamellae with its second antennae, exhibited severe gill architectural deformation with extensive eosinophilic granular cell infiltration. Vibrio alginolyticus infection caused skin and muscle necrosis in gilthead sea bream. Conclusion This study described some details about the gill, skin and muscle tissue defense mechanisms of gilthead sea bream against Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus co-infections. The prevalence of co-infections was 100%, and no resistant fish were detected. These co-infections imbalance the health status of the fish by hampering the oxidant-antioxidant mechanisms and proinflammatory/inflammatory immune genes to a more detrimental side. Our results suggest that simultaneous screening for bacterial and parasitic pathogens should be considered.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03840-9Sparus aurataErgasilus sieboldiVibrio alginolyticusProinflammatory cytokinesHost defense mechanismGill pathology |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud Abou-Okada Maha M. Rashad Ghada E. Ali Shimaa Abdel-Radi Azza Hassan Oxidative stress, gene expression and histopathology of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) naturally co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus BMC Veterinary Research Sparus aurata Ergasilus sieboldi Vibrio alginolyticus Proinflammatory cytokines Host defense mechanism Gill pathology |
| title | Oxidative stress, gene expression and histopathology of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) naturally co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus |
| title_full | Oxidative stress, gene expression and histopathology of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) naturally co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative stress, gene expression and histopathology of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) naturally co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative stress, gene expression and histopathology of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) naturally co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus |
| title_short | Oxidative stress, gene expression and histopathology of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) naturally co-infected with Ergasilus sieboldi and Vibrio alginolyticus |
| title_sort | oxidative stress gene expression and histopathology of cultured gilthead sea bream sparus aurata naturally co infected with ergasilus sieboldi and vibrio alginolyticus |
| topic | Sparus aurata Ergasilus sieboldi Vibrio alginolyticus Proinflammatory cytokines Host defense mechanism Gill pathology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03840-9 |
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