Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature
Creatinine only allows detection of kidney disease when 60 to 75% of the glomerular function is lost and is therefore not an ideal marker of disease. Additional biomarkers could be beneficial to assess kidney function and disease. The objectives are to describe new equine kidney biomarkers. This sys...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/19/2678 |
| _version_ | 1797480932145364992 |
|---|---|
| author | Gaby van Galen Emil Olsen Natalia Siwinska |
| author_facet | Gaby van Galen Emil Olsen Natalia Siwinska |
| author_sort | Gaby van Galen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Creatinine only allows detection of kidney disease when 60 to 75% of the glomerular function is lost and is therefore not an ideal marker of disease. Additional biomarkers could be beneficial to assess kidney function and disease. The objectives are to describe new equine kidney biomarkers. This systematic review assesses the available literature, including the validation process and reference values, following which the authors suggest recommendations for clinical use. SDMA may have some potential as equine kidney biomarker, but there is currently a lack of evidence that SDMA offers any advantage compared to creatinine in detecting Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Cystatin C and podocin show potential as biomarkers for kidney disease (including detecting AKI earlier than creatinine) and should be studied further. NGAL has potential as a biomarker of kidney disease (including detecting AKI earlier than creatinine), and potential as an inflammatory marker. Literature on MMP-9 does not allow for conclusive statements about its potential as a biomarker for kidney disease. The future may show that NAG has potential. For all biomarkers, at this stage, available scientific information is limited or too scarce to support clinical use, and only SDMA can be measured for clinical purposes. In conclusion, there are multiple new biomarkers with the potential to diagnose kidney problems. However, there are only a few studies available and more data is needed before these biomarkers can be applied and recommended in our daily practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:07:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3cda434933ea4f9baa3a82d04b24ff7f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:07:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-3cda434933ea4f9baa3a82d04b24ff7f2023-11-23T19:37:54ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-10-011219267810.3390/ani12192678Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current LiteratureGaby van Galen0Emil Olsen1Natalia Siwinska2Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaVeterinary Teaching Hospital (Universitetsdjursjukhuset, UDS), Swedish Veterinary Agricultural University (SLU), 750 07 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, 50-375 Wroclaw, PolandCreatinine only allows detection of kidney disease when 60 to 75% of the glomerular function is lost and is therefore not an ideal marker of disease. Additional biomarkers could be beneficial to assess kidney function and disease. The objectives are to describe new equine kidney biomarkers. This systematic review assesses the available literature, including the validation process and reference values, following which the authors suggest recommendations for clinical use. SDMA may have some potential as equine kidney biomarker, but there is currently a lack of evidence that SDMA offers any advantage compared to creatinine in detecting Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Cystatin C and podocin show potential as biomarkers for kidney disease (including detecting AKI earlier than creatinine) and should be studied further. NGAL has potential as a biomarker of kidney disease (including detecting AKI earlier than creatinine), and potential as an inflammatory marker. Literature on MMP-9 does not allow for conclusive statements about its potential as a biomarker for kidney disease. The future may show that NAG has potential. For all biomarkers, at this stage, available scientific information is limited or too scarce to support clinical use, and only SDMA can be measured for clinical purposes. In conclusion, there are multiple new biomarkers with the potential to diagnose kidney problems. However, there are only a few studies available and more data is needed before these biomarkers can be applied and recommended in our daily practice.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/19/2678renalequineSDMANGALcystatin Cpodocin |
| spellingShingle | Gaby van Galen Emil Olsen Natalia Siwinska Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature Animals renal equine SDMA NGAL cystatin C podocin |
| title | Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature |
| title_full | Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature |
| title_fullStr | Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature |
| title_short | Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature |
| title_sort | biomarkers of kidney disease in horses a review of the current literature |
| topic | renal equine SDMA NGAL cystatin C podocin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/19/2678 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gabyvangalen biomarkersofkidneydiseaseinhorsesareviewofthecurrentliterature AT emilolsen biomarkersofkidneydiseaseinhorsesareviewofthecurrentliterature AT nataliasiwinska biomarkersofkidneydiseaseinhorsesareviewofthecurrentliterature |