Intranasal epinephrine in dogs: Pharmacokinetic and heart rate effects
Abstract Epinephrine is the standard of care for the treatment of severe allergy and anaphylaxis. Epinephrine is most often administered through the intramuscular (IM) route via autoinjector. The current study aimed to evaluate an alternative method of epinephrine treatment through intranasal (IN) d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Pharmacology Research & Perspectives |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.587 |
| _version_ | 1819320031633211392 |
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| author | Kenneth L. Dretchen Zack Mesa Matthew Robben Desmond Slade Scott Hill Claire Croutch Kyle Kappeler Michael Mesa |
| author_facet | Kenneth L. Dretchen Zack Mesa Matthew Robben Desmond Slade Scott Hill Claire Croutch Kyle Kappeler Michael Mesa |
| author_sort | Kenneth L. Dretchen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Epinephrine is the standard of care for the treatment of severe allergy and anaphylaxis. Epinephrine is most often administered through the intramuscular (IM) route via autoinjector. The current study aimed to evaluate an alternative method of epinephrine treatment through intranasal (IN) delivery in dogs. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from 0 to 90 minutes (AUC0–90) were observed after IN epinephrine (2, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 20 mg) and IM epinephrine via autoinjector (0.15 and 0.3 mg) for 90 minutes. Heart rate effects were measured after IN (2 and 5 mg) and IM (0.15 and 0.3 mg) epinephrine administration. IN epinephrine (5 mg) demonstrated significantly greater plasma epinephrine concentration at 1 minute as compared with IM epinephrine (0.3 mg) (1.68 ± 0.65 ng/mL vs 0.21 ± 0.08 ng/mL, P = .03). There were no significant differences in Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0–90 between 2‐mg IN and 0.15‐mg IM epinephrine or between 5‐mg IN and 0.3‐mg IM epinephrine. IN epinephrine reduced heart rate increases, as compared to IM epinephrine. IN and IM epinephrine were both well‐tolerated. Overall, IN epinephrine demonstrated advantages over IM epinephrine, including the rapid increase in plasma epinephrine and lack of increased heart rate over time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T11:13:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3d271e383d4d4f32b1f72a05282d685d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2052-1707 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T11:13:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmacology Research & Perspectives |
| spelling | doaj.art-3d271e383d4d4f32b1f72a05282d685d2022-12-21T16:58:27ZengWileyPharmacology Research & Perspectives2052-17072020-04-0182n/an/a10.1002/prp2.587Intranasal epinephrine in dogs: Pharmacokinetic and heart rate effectsKenneth L. Dretchen0Zack Mesa1Matthew Robben2Desmond Slade3Scott Hill4Claire Croutch5Kyle Kappeler6Michael Mesa7Mesa Science Associates, Inc. Frederick MD USAMesa Science Associates, Inc. Frederick MD USARobben Consulting, LLC Rochester NY USAMRIGlobal Kansas City MO USAMRIGlobal Kansas City MO USAMRIGlobal Kansas City MO USACitoxlab Stilwell KS USAMesa Science Associates, Inc. Frederick MD USAAbstract Epinephrine is the standard of care for the treatment of severe allergy and anaphylaxis. Epinephrine is most often administered through the intramuscular (IM) route via autoinjector. The current study aimed to evaluate an alternative method of epinephrine treatment through intranasal (IN) delivery in dogs. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from 0 to 90 minutes (AUC0–90) were observed after IN epinephrine (2, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 20 mg) and IM epinephrine via autoinjector (0.15 and 0.3 mg) for 90 minutes. Heart rate effects were measured after IN (2 and 5 mg) and IM (0.15 and 0.3 mg) epinephrine administration. IN epinephrine (5 mg) demonstrated significantly greater plasma epinephrine concentration at 1 minute as compared with IM epinephrine (0.3 mg) (1.68 ± 0.65 ng/mL vs 0.21 ± 0.08 ng/mL, P = .03). There were no significant differences in Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0–90 between 2‐mg IN and 0.15‐mg IM epinephrine or between 5‐mg IN and 0.3‐mg IM epinephrine. IN epinephrine reduced heart rate increases, as compared to IM epinephrine. IN and IM epinephrine were both well‐tolerated. Overall, IN epinephrine demonstrated advantages over IM epinephrine, including the rapid increase in plasma epinephrine and lack of increased heart rate over time.https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.587administrationanaphylaxisepinephrineintranasalnasal absorptionpharmacokinetics |
| spellingShingle | Kenneth L. Dretchen Zack Mesa Matthew Robben Desmond Slade Scott Hill Claire Croutch Kyle Kappeler Michael Mesa Intranasal epinephrine in dogs: Pharmacokinetic and heart rate effects Pharmacology Research & Perspectives administration anaphylaxis epinephrine intranasal nasal absorption pharmacokinetics |
| title | Intranasal epinephrine in dogs: Pharmacokinetic and heart rate effects |
| title_full | Intranasal epinephrine in dogs: Pharmacokinetic and heart rate effects |
| title_fullStr | Intranasal epinephrine in dogs: Pharmacokinetic and heart rate effects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intranasal epinephrine in dogs: Pharmacokinetic and heart rate effects |
| title_short | Intranasal epinephrine in dogs: Pharmacokinetic and heart rate effects |
| title_sort | intranasal epinephrine in dogs pharmacokinetic and heart rate effects |
| topic | administration anaphylaxis epinephrine intranasal nasal absorption pharmacokinetics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.587 |
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