1668: An Annus Horribilis for the Spanish Monarchy – The Lost European Hegemony, the International Situation, the Internal Crisis
1668 seems to be a kind of annus horribilis for the Spanish Monarchy that had been able to lead European politics during an entire century. If it possible to consider the peace of Cateau-Cambrésis of 1559 - that ended with French-Spanish conflict in Italy - such as the apical moment for Habsburg pow...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Athens Institute for Education and Research
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Athens Journal of History |
| Online Access: | https://www.athensjournals.gr/history/2024-10-1-2-Pilo.pdf |