The Tumor Microenvironment Factors That Promote Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy

The Tumor Microenvironment Factors That Promote Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy

Through genetic and epigenetic alterations, cancer cells present the immune system with a diversity of antigens or neoantigens, which the organism must distinguish from self. The immune system responds to neoantigens by activating naïve T cells, which mount an anticancer cytotoxic response. T cell a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bonnie L. Russell, Selisha A. Sooklal, Sibusiso T. Malindisa, Lembelani Jonathan Daka, Monde Ntwasa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
Subjects:
PD-1
CTLA-4
Immune checkpoint inhibitor
resistance
tumor microenvironment
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.641428/full

Internet

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.641428/full

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