Optimizing Reverse Osmosis Feed Spacer Design for Enhanced Dimethylphenol Removal from Wastewater: A Study of Hydrodynamics and Performance Indicators
Due to its high pollutant rejection and low energy usage, the spiral wound module of reverse osmosis (RO) process is the most commonly used technology utilised in wastewater treatment. For a spiral wound module, the presence of a feed spacer is important as a key solution to mitigate the concentrati...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/895 |
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| author | Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi Farhan Lafta Rashid Arman Ameen Mohammed Kadhom Iqbal M. Mujtaba |
| author_facet | Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi Farhan Lafta Rashid Arman Ameen Mohammed Kadhom Iqbal M. Mujtaba |
| author_sort | Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to its high pollutant rejection and low energy usage, the spiral wound module of reverse osmosis (RO) process is the most commonly used technology utilised in wastewater treatment. For a spiral wound module, the presence of a feed spacer is important as a key solution to mitigate the concentration polarisation phenomenon, due to disorderly fluid flow, and to improve the mass transfer coefficient. Undoubtedly, improvements in the spiral wound module design, mainly in the symmetrical shape of the feed spacer, can have a significant impact on the cost and probable use of these modules. Despite the wide interest in appraising the impact of feed spacer geometry and orientation on the performance of a spiral wound module for RO process-based water desalination, the hydrodynamics of feed spacers (pressure drop and mass transfer coefficient) and the associated influences of feed spacer design (the height of the feed spacer, the angle of the filaments, and the porosity) on the removal of pollutants from wastewater have not yet been addressed. The current investigation aims to fill this gap by studying the hydrodynamics and design parameters of the selected parallelogram feed spacer type ultrafiltration (UF−3) for the removal of dimethylphenol from wastewater. Using model-based simulation, the impacts of UF−3 feed spacer design parameters, including the height, angle between the filaments (orientation), and porosity on the pressure drop, friction factor, axial flow fluid velocity, mass transfer coefficient, water flux, dimethylphenol rejection, recovery rate, and specific energy consumption are detailed in this study. The study intends to demonstrate the optimum design features of UF−3 feed spacer that should be considered to assure the highest elimination of dimethylphenol from wastewater in addition to the lowest specific energy consumption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:44:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3fcf5d20d5d448b296ed69c5a26e5aa5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:44:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-3fcf5d20d5d448b296ed69c5a26e5aa52024-03-27T14:08:29ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412024-03-0116689510.3390/w16060895Optimizing Reverse Osmosis Feed Spacer Design for Enhanced Dimethylphenol Removal from Wastewater: A Study of Hydrodynamics and Performance IndicatorsMudhar A. Al-Obaidi0Farhan Lafta Rashid1Arman Ameen2Mohammed Kadhom3Iqbal M. Mujtaba4Technical Institute of Baquba, Middle Technical University, Baquba 32001, IraqPetroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, IraqDepartment of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, SwedenDepartment of Environmental Science, College of Energy and Environmental Science, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad 10081, IraqDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UKDue to its high pollutant rejection and low energy usage, the spiral wound module of reverse osmosis (RO) process is the most commonly used technology utilised in wastewater treatment. For a spiral wound module, the presence of a feed spacer is important as a key solution to mitigate the concentration polarisation phenomenon, due to disorderly fluid flow, and to improve the mass transfer coefficient. Undoubtedly, improvements in the spiral wound module design, mainly in the symmetrical shape of the feed spacer, can have a significant impact on the cost and probable use of these modules. Despite the wide interest in appraising the impact of feed spacer geometry and orientation on the performance of a spiral wound module for RO process-based water desalination, the hydrodynamics of feed spacers (pressure drop and mass transfer coefficient) and the associated influences of feed spacer design (the height of the feed spacer, the angle of the filaments, and the porosity) on the removal of pollutants from wastewater have not yet been addressed. The current investigation aims to fill this gap by studying the hydrodynamics and design parameters of the selected parallelogram feed spacer type ultrafiltration (UF−3) for the removal of dimethylphenol from wastewater. Using model-based simulation, the impacts of UF−3 feed spacer design parameters, including the height, angle between the filaments (orientation), and porosity on the pressure drop, friction factor, axial flow fluid velocity, mass transfer coefficient, water flux, dimethylphenol rejection, recovery rate, and specific energy consumption are detailed in this study. The study intends to demonstrate the optimum design features of UF−3 feed spacer that should be considered to assure the highest elimination of dimethylphenol from wastewater in addition to the lowest specific energy consumption.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/895wastewater treatmentreverse osmosis (RO) processspiral wound modulefeed spacer type UF−3hydrodynamics |
| spellingShingle | Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi Farhan Lafta Rashid Arman Ameen Mohammed Kadhom Iqbal M. Mujtaba Optimizing Reverse Osmosis Feed Spacer Design for Enhanced Dimethylphenol Removal from Wastewater: A Study of Hydrodynamics and Performance Indicators Water wastewater treatment reverse osmosis (RO) process spiral wound module feed spacer type UF−3 hydrodynamics |
| title | Optimizing Reverse Osmosis Feed Spacer Design for Enhanced Dimethylphenol Removal from Wastewater: A Study of Hydrodynamics and Performance Indicators |
| title_full | Optimizing Reverse Osmosis Feed Spacer Design for Enhanced Dimethylphenol Removal from Wastewater: A Study of Hydrodynamics and Performance Indicators |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Reverse Osmosis Feed Spacer Design for Enhanced Dimethylphenol Removal from Wastewater: A Study of Hydrodynamics and Performance Indicators |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Reverse Osmosis Feed Spacer Design for Enhanced Dimethylphenol Removal from Wastewater: A Study of Hydrodynamics and Performance Indicators |
| title_short | Optimizing Reverse Osmosis Feed Spacer Design for Enhanced Dimethylphenol Removal from Wastewater: A Study of Hydrodynamics and Performance Indicators |
| title_sort | optimizing reverse osmosis feed spacer design for enhanced dimethylphenol removal from wastewater a study of hydrodynamics and performance indicators |
| topic | wastewater treatment reverse osmosis (RO) process spiral wound module feed spacer type UF−3 hydrodynamics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/6/895 |
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