The Interaction between Dietary Fiber and Fat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative
Combined intakes of specific dietary fiber and fat subtypes protect against colon cancer in animal models. We evaluated associations between self-reported individual and combinations of fiber (insoluble, soluble, and pectins, specifically) and fat (omega-6, omega-3, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-11-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/12/779 |
| _version_ | 1798044895255986176 |
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| author | Sandi L. Navarro Marian L. Neuhouser Ting-Yuan David Cheng Lesley F. Tinker James M. Shikany Linda Snetselaar Jessica A. Martinez Ikuko Kato Shirley A. A. Beresford Robert S. Chapkin Johanna W. Lampe |
| author_facet | Sandi L. Navarro Marian L. Neuhouser Ting-Yuan David Cheng Lesley F. Tinker James M. Shikany Linda Snetselaar Jessica A. Martinez Ikuko Kato Shirley A. A. Beresford Robert S. Chapkin Johanna W. Lampe |
| author_sort | Sandi L. Navarro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Combined intakes of specific dietary fiber and fat subtypes protect against colon cancer in animal models. We evaluated associations between self-reported individual and combinations of fiber (insoluble, soluble, and pectins, specifically) and fat (omega-6, omega-3, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), specifically) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in the Women’s Health Initiative prospective cohort (n = 134,017). During a mean 11.7 years (1993–2010), 1952 incident CRC cases were identified. Cox regression models computed multivariate adjusted hazard ratios to estimate the association between dietary factors and CRC risk. Assessing fiber and fat individually, there was a modest trend for lower CRC risk with increasing intakes of total and insoluble fiber (p-trend 0.09 and 0.08). An interaction (p = 0.01) was observed between soluble fiber and DHA + EPA, with protective effects of DHA + EPA with lower intakes of soluble fiber and an attenuation at higher intakes, however this association was no longer significant after correction for multiple testing. These results suggest a modest protective effect of higher fiber intake on CRC risk, but not in combination with dietary fat subtypes. Given the robust results in preclinical models and mixed results in observational studies, controlled dietary interventions with standardized intakes are needed to better understand the interaction of specific fat and fiber subtypes on colon biology and ultimately CRC susceptibility in humans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:11:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4129b4c01d2b498cbfb7f4c86aaa0d87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:11:48Z |
| publishDate | 2016-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-4129b4c01d2b498cbfb7f4c86aaa0d872022-12-22T03:57:47ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432016-11-0181277910.3390/nu8120779nu8120779The Interaction between Dietary Fiber and Fat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health InitiativeSandi L. Navarro0Marian L. Neuhouser1Ting-Yuan David Cheng2Lesley F. Tinker3James M. Shikany4Linda Snetselaar5Jessica A. Martinez6Ikuko Kato7Shirley A. A. Beresford8Robert S. Chapkin9Johanna W. Lampe10Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USADivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USADivision of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USADivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USADivision of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USADepartment of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USADepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USADepartment of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USADivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USAProgram in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADivision of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USACombined intakes of specific dietary fiber and fat subtypes protect against colon cancer in animal models. We evaluated associations between self-reported individual and combinations of fiber (insoluble, soluble, and pectins, specifically) and fat (omega-6, omega-3, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), specifically) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in the Women’s Health Initiative prospective cohort (n = 134,017). During a mean 11.7 years (1993–2010), 1952 incident CRC cases were identified. Cox regression models computed multivariate adjusted hazard ratios to estimate the association between dietary factors and CRC risk. Assessing fiber and fat individually, there was a modest trend for lower CRC risk with increasing intakes of total and insoluble fiber (p-trend 0.09 and 0.08). An interaction (p = 0.01) was observed between soluble fiber and DHA + EPA, with protective effects of DHA + EPA with lower intakes of soluble fiber and an attenuation at higher intakes, however this association was no longer significant after correction for multiple testing. These results suggest a modest protective effect of higher fiber intake on CRC risk, but not in combination with dietary fat subtypes. Given the robust results in preclinical models and mixed results in observational studies, controlled dietary interventions with standardized intakes are needed to better understand the interaction of specific fat and fiber subtypes on colon biology and ultimately CRC susceptibility in humans.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/12/779butyratecolorectal cancerDHAEPAfatfiberomega-3pectin |
| spellingShingle | Sandi L. Navarro Marian L. Neuhouser Ting-Yuan David Cheng Lesley F. Tinker James M. Shikany Linda Snetselaar Jessica A. Martinez Ikuko Kato Shirley A. A. Beresford Robert S. Chapkin Johanna W. Lampe The Interaction between Dietary Fiber and Fat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative Nutrients butyrate colorectal cancer DHA EPA fat fiber omega-3 pectin |
| title | The Interaction between Dietary Fiber and Fat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative |
| title_full | The Interaction between Dietary Fiber and Fat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative |
| title_fullStr | The Interaction between Dietary Fiber and Fat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Interaction between Dietary Fiber and Fat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative |
| title_short | The Interaction between Dietary Fiber and Fat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative |
| title_sort | interaction between dietary fiber and fat and risk of colorectal cancer in the women s health initiative |
| topic | butyrate colorectal cancer DHA EPA fat fiber omega-3 pectin |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/12/779 |
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