Fluctuating Asymmetry in Morphological Characteristics of <em>Betula Pendula</em> Roth Leaf under Conditions of Urban Ecosystems: Evaluation of the Multi-Factor Negative Impact

Fluctuating Asymmetry in Morphological Characteristics of <em>Betula Pendula</em> Roth Leaf under Conditions of Urban Ecosystems: Evaluation of the Multi-Factor Negative Impact

The fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in <i>Betula pendula</i> Roth was estimated as an integrated measure of five morphometric characteristics of a lamina. Samples were collected in seven cities that differ both in climatic conditions, moderately to sharply continental. In total, 33 ecotopes w...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Elena Shadrina, Nina Turmukhametova, Victoria Soldatova, Yakov Vol'pert, Irina Korotchenko, Galina Pervyshina
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
Series:Symmetry
Subjects:
fluctuating asymmetry
developmental instability
silver birch
<i>Betula pendula</i>
traffic load
complex anthropogenic impact
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1317

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1317

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