Sustained S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies to Moderna’s mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Sub-Saharan African cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderations
IntroductionThis study sought to elucidate the long-term antibody responses to the Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine within a Ugandan cohort, aiming to contribute to the sparse data on m-RNA vaccine immunogenicity in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe tracked the development and persistence of the elicit...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348905/full |
| _version_ | 1827368392075509760 |
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| author | Jennifer Serwanga Jennifer Serwanga Violet Ankunda Joseph Ssebwana Katende Joseph Ssebwana Katende Claire Baine Gerald Kevin Oluka Gerald Kevin Oluka Geoffrey Odoch Hellen Nantambi Susan Mugaba Angella Namuyanja Ivan Ssali Peter Ejou Laban Kato The COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team The COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team Monica Musenero Pontiano Kaleebu Pontiano Kaleebu Jackson Sembera Betty Oliver Auma Solomon Opio Ben Gombe |
| author_facet | Jennifer Serwanga Jennifer Serwanga Violet Ankunda Joseph Ssebwana Katende Joseph Ssebwana Katende Claire Baine Gerald Kevin Oluka Gerald Kevin Oluka Geoffrey Odoch Hellen Nantambi Susan Mugaba Angella Namuyanja Ivan Ssali Peter Ejou Laban Kato The COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team The COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team Monica Musenero Pontiano Kaleebu Pontiano Kaleebu Jackson Sembera Betty Oliver Auma Solomon Opio Ben Gombe |
| author_sort | Jennifer Serwanga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThis study sought to elucidate the long-term antibody responses to the Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine within a Ugandan cohort, aiming to contribute to the sparse data on m-RNA vaccine immunogenicity in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe tracked the development and persistence of the elicited antibodies in 19 participants aged 18 to 67, who received two doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine. A validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies against the spike (S) and nucleoproteins (N). The study’s temporal scope extended from the baseline to one year, capturing immediate and long-term immune responses. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon test to evaluate changes in antibody levels across predetermined intervals with the Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsOur results showed a significant initial rise in spike-directed IgG (S-IgG) and spike-directed IgA (S-IgA) levels, which remained elevated for the duration of the study. The S-IgG concentrations peaked 14 days afterboosting, while spike-directed IgM (S-IgM) levels were transient, aligning with their early response role. Notably, post-booster antibody concentrations did not significantly change. Prior S-IgG status influenced the post-priming S-IgA dynamics, with baseline S-IgG positive individuals maintaining higher S-IgA responses, a difference that did not reach statistical difference post-boost. Three instances of breakthrough infections: two among participants who exhibited baseline seropositivity for S-IgG, and one in a participant initially seronegative for S-IgG.DiscussionIn conclusion, the mRNA-1273 vaccine elicited robust and persistent S-IgG and S-IgA antibody responses, particularly after the first dose, indicating potential for long-term immunity. Prior viral exposure enhances post-vaccination S-IgA responses compared to naive individuals, which aligned with the prior-naïve, post-boost. The stable antibody levels observed post-booster dose, remaining high over an extended period, with no significant secondary rise, and no difference by baseline exposure, suggest that initial vaccination may sufficiently prime the immune system for prolonged protection in this population, allowing for potential to delay booster schedules as antibody responses remained high at the time of boosting. This finding calls for a reassessment of the booster dose scheduling in this demographic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:29:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4193f652b87f48fe898580c284e37647 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:29:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4193f652b87f48fe898580c284e376472024-01-31T04:42:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-01-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.13489051348905Sustained S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies to Moderna’s mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Sub-Saharan African cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderationsJennifer Serwanga0Jennifer Serwanga1Violet Ankunda2Joseph Ssebwana Katende3Joseph Ssebwana Katende4Claire Baine5Gerald Kevin Oluka6Gerald Kevin Oluka7Geoffrey Odoch8Hellen Nantambi9Susan Mugaba10Angella Namuyanja11Ivan Ssali12Peter Ejou13Laban Kato14The COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team15The COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team16Monica Musenero17Pontiano Kaleebu18Pontiano Kaleebu19Jackson SemberaBetty Oliver AumaSolomon OpioBen GombeViral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaViral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaViral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaViral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaViral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaViral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaViral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaViral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaViral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaViral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaScience, Technology, and Innovation Secretariat, Office of the President, Government of Uganda, Kampala, UgandaViral Pathogens Research Theme, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, UgandaDepartment of Immunology, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, UgandaIntroductionThis study sought to elucidate the long-term antibody responses to the Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine within a Ugandan cohort, aiming to contribute to the sparse data on m-RNA vaccine immunogenicity in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe tracked the development and persistence of the elicited antibodies in 19 participants aged 18 to 67, who received two doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine. A validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies against the spike (S) and nucleoproteins (N). The study’s temporal scope extended from the baseline to one year, capturing immediate and long-term immune responses. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon test to evaluate changes in antibody levels across predetermined intervals with the Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsOur results showed a significant initial rise in spike-directed IgG (S-IgG) and spike-directed IgA (S-IgA) levels, which remained elevated for the duration of the study. The S-IgG concentrations peaked 14 days afterboosting, while spike-directed IgM (S-IgM) levels were transient, aligning with their early response role. Notably, post-booster antibody concentrations did not significantly change. Prior S-IgG status influenced the post-priming S-IgA dynamics, with baseline S-IgG positive individuals maintaining higher S-IgA responses, a difference that did not reach statistical difference post-boost. Three instances of breakthrough infections: two among participants who exhibited baseline seropositivity for S-IgG, and one in a participant initially seronegative for S-IgG.DiscussionIn conclusion, the mRNA-1273 vaccine elicited robust and persistent S-IgG and S-IgA antibody responses, particularly after the first dose, indicating potential for long-term immunity. Prior viral exposure enhances post-vaccination S-IgA responses compared to naive individuals, which aligned with the prior-naïve, post-boost. The stable antibody levels observed post-booster dose, remaining high over an extended period, with no significant secondary rise, and no difference by baseline exposure, suggest that initial vaccination may sufficiently prime the immune system for prolonged protection in this population, allowing for potential to delay booster schedules as antibody responses remained high at the time of boosting. This finding calls for a reassessment of the booster dose scheduling in this demographic.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348905/fulllong-term immunogenicitymRNA-1273 vaccineSub-Saharan vaccine responseS-IgG and S-IgA antibodiesvaccine-induced immunityantibody persistence |
| spellingShingle | Jennifer Serwanga Jennifer Serwanga Violet Ankunda Joseph Ssebwana Katende Joseph Ssebwana Katende Claire Baine Gerald Kevin Oluka Gerald Kevin Oluka Geoffrey Odoch Hellen Nantambi Susan Mugaba Angella Namuyanja Ivan Ssali Peter Ejou Laban Kato The COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team The COVID-19 Immunoprofiling Team Monica Musenero Pontiano Kaleebu Pontiano Kaleebu Jackson Sembera Betty Oliver Auma Solomon Opio Ben Gombe Sustained S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies to Moderna’s mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Sub-Saharan African cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderations Frontiers in Immunology long-term immunogenicity mRNA-1273 vaccine Sub-Saharan vaccine response S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies vaccine-induced immunity antibody persistence |
| title | Sustained S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies to Moderna’s mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Sub-Saharan African cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderations |
| title_full | Sustained S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies to Moderna’s mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Sub-Saharan African cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderations |
| title_fullStr | Sustained S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies to Moderna’s mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Sub-Saharan African cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustained S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies to Moderna’s mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Sub-Saharan African cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderations |
| title_short | Sustained S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies to Moderna’s mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Sub-Saharan African cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderations |
| title_sort | sustained s igg and s iga antibodies to moderna s mrna 1273 vaccine in a sub saharan african cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderations |
| topic | long-term immunogenicity mRNA-1273 vaccine Sub-Saharan vaccine response S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies vaccine-induced immunity antibody persistence |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348905/full |
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