Ectopic Spacer Acquisition in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> CRISPR3 Array
<i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> relies heavily on two type II-A CRISPR-Cas systems, CRISPR1 and CRISPR3, to resist siphophage infections. One hallmark of these systems is the integration of a new spacer at the 5′ end of the CRISPR arrays following phage infection. However, we have prev...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/3/512 |
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| author | Rodrigo Achigar Martina Scarrone Geneviève M. Rousseau Cécile Philippe Felipe Machado Valentina Duvós María Pía Campot Moïra B. Dion Yuyu Shao María Julia Pianzzola Sylvain Moineau |
| author_facet | Rodrigo Achigar Martina Scarrone Geneviève M. Rousseau Cécile Philippe Felipe Machado Valentina Duvós María Pía Campot Moïra B. Dion Yuyu Shao María Julia Pianzzola Sylvain Moineau |
| author_sort | Rodrigo Achigar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> relies heavily on two type II-A CRISPR-Cas systems, CRISPR1 and CRISPR3, to resist siphophage infections. One hallmark of these systems is the integration of a new spacer at the 5′ end of the CRISPR arrays following phage infection. However, we have previously shown that ectopic acquisition of spacers can occur within the CRISPR1 array. Here, we present evidence of the acquisition of new spacers within the array of CRISPR3 of <i>S. thermophilus</i>. The analysis of randomly selected bacteriophage-insensitive mutants of the strain Uy01 obtained after phage infection, as well as the comparison with other <i>S. thermophilus</i> strains with similar CRISPR3 content, showed that a specific spacer within the array could be responsible for misguiding the adaptation complex. These results also indicate that while the vast majority of new spacers are added at the 5′ end of the CRISPR array, ectopic spacer acquisition is a common feature of both CRISPR1 and CRISPR3 systems in <i>S. thermophilus</i>, and it can still provide phage resistance. Ectopic spacer acquisition also appears to have occurred naturally in some strains of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>, suggesting that it is a general phenomenon, at least in type II-A systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:05:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41ad0a89482b4df0b6aaff6215969e36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:05:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-41ad0a89482b4df0b6aaff6215969e362023-12-03T12:04:02ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-03-019351210.3390/microorganisms9030512Ectopic Spacer Acquisition in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> CRISPR3 ArrayRodrigo Achigar0Martina Scarrone1Geneviève M. Rousseau2Cécile Philippe3Felipe Machado4Valentina Duvós5María Pía Campot6Moïra B. Dion7Yuyu Shao8María Julia Pianzzola9Sylvain Moineau10Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Montevideo 11100, UruguayDépartement de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDépartement de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDépartement de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaLaboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Montevideo 11100, UruguayLaboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Montevideo 11100, UruguayLaboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT Uruguay, Montevideo 11100, UruguayDépartement de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDépartement de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, UruguayDépartement de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada<i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> relies heavily on two type II-A CRISPR-Cas systems, CRISPR1 and CRISPR3, to resist siphophage infections. One hallmark of these systems is the integration of a new spacer at the 5′ end of the CRISPR arrays following phage infection. However, we have previously shown that ectopic acquisition of spacers can occur within the CRISPR1 array. Here, we present evidence of the acquisition of new spacers within the array of CRISPR3 of <i>S. thermophilus</i>. The analysis of randomly selected bacteriophage-insensitive mutants of the strain Uy01 obtained after phage infection, as well as the comparison with other <i>S. thermophilus</i> strains with similar CRISPR3 content, showed that a specific spacer within the array could be responsible for misguiding the adaptation complex. These results also indicate that while the vast majority of new spacers are added at the 5′ end of the CRISPR array, ectopic spacer acquisition is a common feature of both CRISPR1 and CRISPR3 systems in <i>S. thermophilus</i>, and it can still provide phage resistance. Ectopic spacer acquisition also appears to have occurred naturally in some strains of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>, suggesting that it is a general phenomenon, at least in type II-A systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/3/512<i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i><i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>CRISPR-Casadaptationphages |
| spellingShingle | Rodrigo Achigar Martina Scarrone Geneviève M. Rousseau Cécile Philippe Felipe Machado Valentina Duvós María Pía Campot Moïra B. Dion Yuyu Shao María Julia Pianzzola Sylvain Moineau Ectopic Spacer Acquisition in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> CRISPR3 Array Microorganisms <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> CRISPR-Cas adaptation phages |
| title | Ectopic Spacer Acquisition in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> CRISPR3 Array |
| title_full | Ectopic Spacer Acquisition in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> CRISPR3 Array |
| title_fullStr | Ectopic Spacer Acquisition in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> CRISPR3 Array |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ectopic Spacer Acquisition in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> CRISPR3 Array |
| title_short | Ectopic Spacer Acquisition in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> CRISPR3 Array |
| title_sort | ectopic spacer acquisition in i streptococcus thermophilus i crispr3 array |
| topic | <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> CRISPR-Cas adaptation phages |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/3/512 |
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