Membrane-Driven Dimerization of the Peripheral Membrane Protein KRAS: Implications for Downstream Signaling
Transient homo-dimerization of the RAS GTPase at the plasma membrane has been shown to promote the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway essential for cell proliferation and oncogenesis. To date, numerous crystallographic studies have focused on the well-defined GTPase domains of...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/5/2530 |
| _version_ | 1797264426491969536 |
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| author | Ki-Young Lee |
| author_facet | Ki-Young Lee |
| author_sort | Ki-Young Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Transient homo-dimerization of the RAS GTPase at the plasma membrane has been shown to promote the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway essential for cell proliferation and oncogenesis. To date, numerous crystallographic studies have focused on the well-defined GTPase domains of RAS isoforms, which lack the disordered C-terminal membrane anchor, thus providing limited structural insight into membrane-bound RAS molecules. Recently, lipid-bilayer nanodisc platforms and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) analyses have revealed several distinct structures of the membrane-anchored homodimers of KRAS, an isoform that is most frequently mutated in human cancers. The KRAS dimerization interface is highly plastic and altered by biologically relevant conditions, including oncogenic mutations, the nucleotide states of the protein, and the lipid composition. Notably, PRE-derived structures of KRAS homodimers on the membrane substantially differ in terms of the relative orientation of the protomers at an “α–α” dimer interface comprising two α4–α5 regions. This interface plasticity along with the altered orientations of KRAS on the membrane impact the accessibility of KRAS to downstream effectors and regulatory proteins. Further, nanodisc platforms used to drive KRAS dimerization can be used to screen potential anticancer drugs that target membrane-bound RAS dimers and probe their structural mechanism of action. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:28:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41bf48b01755453f92d4ed5ba19f7e8e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:28:43Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-41bf48b01755453f92d4ed5ba19f7e8e2024-03-12T16:45:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-02-01255253010.3390/ijms25052530Membrane-Driven Dimerization of the Peripheral Membrane Protein KRAS: Implications for Downstream SignalingKi-Young Lee0Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon-si 11160, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of KoreaTransient homo-dimerization of the RAS GTPase at the plasma membrane has been shown to promote the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway essential for cell proliferation and oncogenesis. To date, numerous crystallographic studies have focused on the well-defined GTPase domains of RAS isoforms, which lack the disordered C-terminal membrane anchor, thus providing limited structural insight into membrane-bound RAS molecules. Recently, lipid-bilayer nanodisc platforms and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) analyses have revealed several distinct structures of the membrane-anchored homodimers of KRAS, an isoform that is most frequently mutated in human cancers. The KRAS dimerization interface is highly plastic and altered by biologically relevant conditions, including oncogenic mutations, the nucleotide states of the protein, and the lipid composition. Notably, PRE-derived structures of KRAS homodimers on the membrane substantially differ in terms of the relative orientation of the protomers at an “α–α” dimer interface comprising two α4–α5 regions. This interface plasticity along with the altered orientations of KRAS on the membrane impact the accessibility of KRAS to downstream effectors and regulatory proteins. Further, nanodisc platforms used to drive KRAS dimerization can be used to screen potential anticancer drugs that target membrane-bound RAS dimers and probe their structural mechanism of action.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/5/2530KRASperipheral membrane proteindimerizationnanodiscparamagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) |
| spellingShingle | Ki-Young Lee Membrane-Driven Dimerization of the Peripheral Membrane Protein KRAS: Implications for Downstream Signaling International Journal of Molecular Sciences KRAS peripheral membrane protein dimerization nanodisc paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) |
| title | Membrane-Driven Dimerization of the Peripheral Membrane Protein KRAS: Implications for Downstream Signaling |
| title_full | Membrane-Driven Dimerization of the Peripheral Membrane Protein KRAS: Implications for Downstream Signaling |
| title_fullStr | Membrane-Driven Dimerization of the Peripheral Membrane Protein KRAS: Implications for Downstream Signaling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Membrane-Driven Dimerization of the Peripheral Membrane Protein KRAS: Implications for Downstream Signaling |
| title_short | Membrane-Driven Dimerization of the Peripheral Membrane Protein KRAS: Implications for Downstream Signaling |
| title_sort | membrane driven dimerization of the peripheral membrane protein kras implications for downstream signaling |
| topic | KRAS peripheral membrane protein dimerization nanodisc paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/5/2530 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kiyounglee membranedrivendimerizationoftheperipheralmembraneproteinkrasimplicationsfordownstreamsignaling |