Mixing Rules for an Exact Determination of the Dielectric Properties of Engine Soot Using the Microwave Cavity Perturbation Method and Its Application in Gasoline Particulate Filters

Mixing Rules for an Exact Determination of the Dielectric Properties of Engine Soot Using the Microwave Cavity Perturbation Method and Its Application in Gasoline Particulate Filters

In recent years, particulate filters have become mandatory in almost all gasoline-powered vehicles to comply with emission standards regarding particulate number. In contrast to diesel applications, monitoring gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) by differential pressure sensors is challenging due to...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Stefanie Walter, Peter Schwanzer, Carsten Steiner, Gunter Hagen, Hans-Peter Rabl, Markus Dietrich, Ralf Moos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-04-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
gasoline particulate filter (GPF)
radio-frequency (RF)
soot mass determination
finite element method (FEM)
microwave cavity perturbation
dielectric properties
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3311

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https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3311

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