PD-1 and beyond to Activate T Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Cancers: The Case for 4-1BB and VISTA Antibodies in Combination Therapy
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) have a higher incidence than all other cancers combined with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), capable of metastasis, representing approximately 20% of NMSCs. Given the accessibility of the skin, surgery is frequently employed to treat localized disease, alth...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/13/3310 |
| _version_ | 1797528054304604160 |
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| author | Quentin Wright Jazmina L. Gonzalez Cruz James W. Wells Graham R. Leggatt |
| author_facet | Quentin Wright Jazmina L. Gonzalez Cruz James W. Wells Graham R. Leggatt |
| author_sort | Quentin Wright |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) have a higher incidence than all other cancers combined with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), capable of metastasis, representing approximately 20% of NMSCs. Given the accessibility of the skin, surgery is frequently employed to treat localized disease, although certain localities, the delineation of clear margins, frequency and recurrence of tumors can make these cancers inoperable in a subset of patients. Other treatment modalities, including cryotherapy, are commonly used for individual lesions, with varying success. Immunotherapy, particularly with checkpoint antibodies, is increasingly a promising therapeutic approach in many cancers, offering the potential advantage of immune memory for protection against lesion recurrence. This review addresses a role for PD-1, 4-1BB and VISTA checkpoint antibodies as monotherapies, or in combination as a therapeutic treatment for both early and late-stage cSCC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:52:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41f7580d14cf4b07b13ebe772d847050 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:52:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-41f7580d14cf4b07b13ebe772d8470502023-11-22T02:35:54ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-07-011313331010.3390/cancers13133310PD-1 and beyond to Activate T Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Cancers: The Case for 4-1BB and VISTA Antibodies in Combination TherapyQuentin Wright0Jazmina L. Gonzalez Cruz1James W. Wells2Graham R. Leggatt3The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, AustraliaThe University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, AustraliaThe University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, AustraliaThe University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, AustraliaNon-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) have a higher incidence than all other cancers combined with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), capable of metastasis, representing approximately 20% of NMSCs. Given the accessibility of the skin, surgery is frequently employed to treat localized disease, although certain localities, the delineation of clear margins, frequency and recurrence of tumors can make these cancers inoperable in a subset of patients. Other treatment modalities, including cryotherapy, are commonly used for individual lesions, with varying success. Immunotherapy, particularly with checkpoint antibodies, is increasingly a promising therapeutic approach in many cancers, offering the potential advantage of immune memory for protection against lesion recurrence. This review addresses a role for PD-1, 4-1BB and VISTA checkpoint antibodies as monotherapies, or in combination as a therapeutic treatment for both early and late-stage cSCC.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/13/3310skin cancersquamous cell carcinomaVISTAPD-14-1BB |
| spellingShingle | Quentin Wright Jazmina L. Gonzalez Cruz James W. Wells Graham R. Leggatt PD-1 and beyond to Activate T Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Cancers: The Case for 4-1BB and VISTA Antibodies in Combination Therapy Cancers skin cancer squamous cell carcinoma VISTA PD-1 4-1BB |
| title | PD-1 and beyond to Activate T Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Cancers: The Case for 4-1BB and VISTA Antibodies in Combination Therapy |
| title_full | PD-1 and beyond to Activate T Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Cancers: The Case for 4-1BB and VISTA Antibodies in Combination Therapy |
| title_fullStr | PD-1 and beyond to Activate T Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Cancers: The Case for 4-1BB and VISTA Antibodies in Combination Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | PD-1 and beyond to Activate T Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Cancers: The Case for 4-1BB and VISTA Antibodies in Combination Therapy |
| title_short | PD-1 and beyond to Activate T Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Cancers: The Case for 4-1BB and VISTA Antibodies in Combination Therapy |
| title_sort | pd 1 and beyond to activate t cells in cutaneous squamous cell cancers the case for 4 1bb and vista antibodies in combination therapy |
| topic | skin cancer squamous cell carcinoma VISTA PD-1 4-1BB |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/13/3310 |
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