Effects of Inclusion of <i>N</i>-Carbamylglutamate in the Non-Protein Diet on Growth and Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Nitrogen Metabolism and Antioxidant of Holstein Bulls
The objectives of this experiment were to investigate the effects of <i>N</i>-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on growth and slaughter performance, meat quality, nitrogen utilization, plasma antioxidant and amino acids of Holstein bulls. In this case, 24 Holstein bulls (490 ± 29.0 kg of body weig...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/1/33 |
| _version_ | 1797499694419542016 |
|---|---|
| author | Quanyu Zhang Guangning Zhang Xinyue Zhang Jinshan Yang Yonggen Zhang |
| author_facet | Quanyu Zhang Guangning Zhang Xinyue Zhang Jinshan Yang Yonggen Zhang |
| author_sort | Quanyu Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objectives of this experiment were to investigate the effects of <i>N</i>-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on growth and slaughter performance, meat quality, nitrogen utilization, plasma antioxidant and amino acids of Holstein bulls. In this case, 24 Holstein bulls (490 ± 29.0 kg of body weights and 540 ± 6.1 d of age) were blocked by body weights and age and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) CON group: bulls were fed the control diet, (2) CON + NCG group: bulls were fed the control diet with 40 mg/kg BW NCG, (3) Urea group: bulls were fed the urea diet, and (4) Urea + NCG group: bulls were fed the urea diet with 40 mg/kg BW NCG. Feeding NCG significantly improved ADG, FCR, DM and CP digestibility, carcass weight, slaughter weight, DOP, eye muscle area, shear force (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and reduced L* of color, drip loss and cooking loss. Concurrently, feeding the urea diet induced a decreased ADG, carcass weight and slaughter weight, DOP, eye muscle area and shear force. NCG decreased contents of fecal N and urinary N, plasma urea in bulls and ammonia but increased N retention and utilization, plasma NO, plasma Arg, Leu, Ile and Tyr. On the other hand, feeding the urea diet increased urinary N, plasma urea and ammonia. Thus the study efficiently demonstrates that beef benefited from being fed a NCG product in the urea diet by enhancing its growth and slaughter performance, meat quality, nitrogen metabolism and plasma amino acids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:51:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42035385b23742eb8fac60abd2c9d1df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:51:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-42035385b23742eb8fac60abd2c9d1df2023-11-23T11:04:44ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-12-011213310.3390/ani12010033Effects of Inclusion of <i>N</i>-Carbamylglutamate in the Non-Protein Diet on Growth and Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Nitrogen Metabolism and Antioxidant of Holstein BullsQuanyu Zhang0Guangning Zhang1Xinyue Zhang2Jinshan Yang3Yonggen Zhang4College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaThe objectives of this experiment were to investigate the effects of <i>N</i>-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on growth and slaughter performance, meat quality, nitrogen utilization, plasma antioxidant and amino acids of Holstein bulls. In this case, 24 Holstein bulls (490 ± 29.0 kg of body weights and 540 ± 6.1 d of age) were blocked by body weights and age and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) CON group: bulls were fed the control diet, (2) CON + NCG group: bulls were fed the control diet with 40 mg/kg BW NCG, (3) Urea group: bulls were fed the urea diet, and (4) Urea + NCG group: bulls were fed the urea diet with 40 mg/kg BW NCG. Feeding NCG significantly improved ADG, FCR, DM and CP digestibility, carcass weight, slaughter weight, DOP, eye muscle area, shear force (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and reduced L* of color, drip loss and cooking loss. Concurrently, feeding the urea diet induced a decreased ADG, carcass weight and slaughter weight, DOP, eye muscle area and shear force. NCG decreased contents of fecal N and urinary N, plasma urea in bulls and ammonia but increased N retention and utilization, plasma NO, plasma Arg, Leu, Ile and Tyr. On the other hand, feeding the urea diet increased urinary N, plasma urea and ammonia. Thus the study efficiently demonstrates that beef benefited from being fed a NCG product in the urea diet by enhancing its growth and slaughter performance, meat quality, nitrogen metabolism and plasma amino acids.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/1/33Holstein bulls<i>N</i>-carbamylglutamatemeat qualitynitrogen metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Quanyu Zhang Guangning Zhang Xinyue Zhang Jinshan Yang Yonggen Zhang Effects of Inclusion of <i>N</i>-Carbamylglutamate in the Non-Protein Diet on Growth and Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Nitrogen Metabolism and Antioxidant of Holstein Bulls Animals Holstein bulls <i>N</i>-carbamylglutamate meat quality nitrogen metabolism |
| title | Effects of Inclusion of <i>N</i>-Carbamylglutamate in the Non-Protein Diet on Growth and Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Nitrogen Metabolism and Antioxidant of Holstein Bulls |
| title_full | Effects of Inclusion of <i>N</i>-Carbamylglutamate in the Non-Protein Diet on Growth and Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Nitrogen Metabolism and Antioxidant of Holstein Bulls |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Inclusion of <i>N</i>-Carbamylglutamate in the Non-Protein Diet on Growth and Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Nitrogen Metabolism and Antioxidant of Holstein Bulls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Inclusion of <i>N</i>-Carbamylglutamate in the Non-Protein Diet on Growth and Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Nitrogen Metabolism and Antioxidant of Holstein Bulls |
| title_short | Effects of Inclusion of <i>N</i>-Carbamylglutamate in the Non-Protein Diet on Growth and Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Nitrogen Metabolism and Antioxidant of Holstein Bulls |
| title_sort | effects of inclusion of i n i carbamylglutamate in the non protein diet on growth and slaughter performance meat quality nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant of holstein bulls |
| topic | Holstein bulls <i>N</i>-carbamylglutamate meat quality nitrogen metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/1/33 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT quanyuzhang effectsofinclusionofinicarbamylglutamateinthenonproteindietongrowthandslaughterperformancemeatqualitynitrogenmetabolismandantioxidantofholsteinbulls AT guangningzhang effectsofinclusionofinicarbamylglutamateinthenonproteindietongrowthandslaughterperformancemeatqualitynitrogenmetabolismandantioxidantofholsteinbulls AT xinyuezhang effectsofinclusionofinicarbamylglutamateinthenonproteindietongrowthandslaughterperformancemeatqualitynitrogenmetabolismandantioxidantofholsteinbulls AT jinshanyang effectsofinclusionofinicarbamylglutamateinthenonproteindietongrowthandslaughterperformancemeatqualitynitrogenmetabolismandantioxidantofholsteinbulls AT yonggenzhang effectsofinclusionofinicarbamylglutamateinthenonproteindietongrowthandslaughterperformancemeatqualitynitrogenmetabolismandantioxidantofholsteinbulls |