3D‐Printed Poly(acrylic acid–vinylimidazole) Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators
Abstract Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC)—constructed using an ionic polymer sandwiched between metal electrodes—have shown great potential for the fabrication of soft actuators. IPMC architectures have many advantages including low actuation voltage, fast response, basic control, and relativel...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley-VCH
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Macromolecular Materials and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202200440 |
| _version_ | 1797743162033176576 |
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| author | Yuyang Wang Yue Liang Archana Bansode Xiaoyuan Lou Xinyu Zhang Bryan S. Beckingham Maria L. Auad |
| author_facet | Yuyang Wang Yue Liang Archana Bansode Xiaoyuan Lou Xinyu Zhang Bryan S. Beckingham Maria L. Auad |
| author_sort | Yuyang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC)—constructed using an ionic polymer sandwiched between metal electrodes—have shown great potential for the fabrication of soft actuators. IPMC architectures have many advantages including low actuation voltage, fast response, basic control, and relatively light weight. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐based ion exchange membranes are of particular interest for IPMC devices due to their large ion exchange capacity and ease of preparation; however, they suffer from relatively weak mechanical strength. Here, PAA‐based soft actuators are synthesized with enhanced mechanical properties and proton conductivity through the incorporation of hydrogen bonding interactions with imidazolium groups via copolymerization with 1‐vinylimidazole. In addition to examining the impact of composition on physiochemical (swelling, glass transition, decomposition, Young's modulus, etc.) and electrochemical (specific capacitance) properties, an additive manufacturing process, digital light projection (DLP), is utilized to fabricate complex geometries demonstrating the potential for the fabrication of IPMC devices with complex actuation modalities. Planar DLP 3D‐printed IPMC actuators of varied polymer compositions are fabricated with activated carbon and copper electrodes, and their actuation performance is evaluated in air, where large bending deformation is observed (14°–37°). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:51:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-422c2d0bf5474ddd82b567a6024ecd1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1438-7492 1439-2054 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:51:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Macromolecular Materials and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-422c2d0bf5474ddd82b567a6024ecd1d2023-08-15T09:10:20ZengWiley-VCHMacromolecular Materials and Engineering1438-74921439-20542023-01-013081n/an/a10.1002/mame.2022004403D‐Printed Poly(acrylic acid–vinylimidazole) Ionic Polymer Metal Composite ActuatorsYuyang Wang0Yue Liang1Archana Bansode2Xiaoyuan Lou3Xinyu Zhang4Bryan S. Beckingham5Maria L. Auad6Center for Polymers and Advanced Composites Auburn University Gavin Engineering Research Laboratory 311 West Magnolia Avenue Auburn AL 36849 USACenter for Polymers and Advanced Composites Auburn University Gavin Engineering Research Laboratory 311 West Magnolia Avenue Auburn AL 36849 USACenter for Polymers and Advanced Composites Auburn University Gavin Engineering Research Laboratory 311 West Magnolia Avenue Auburn AL 36849 USAMaterials Research and Education Center Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USACenter for Polymers and Advanced Composites Auburn University Gavin Engineering Research Laboratory 311 West Magnolia Avenue Auburn AL 36849 USACenter for Polymers and Advanced Composites Auburn University Gavin Engineering Research Laboratory 311 West Magnolia Avenue Auburn AL 36849 USACenter for Polymers and Advanced Composites Auburn University Gavin Engineering Research Laboratory 311 West Magnolia Avenue Auburn AL 36849 USAAbstract Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC)—constructed using an ionic polymer sandwiched between metal electrodes—have shown great potential for the fabrication of soft actuators. IPMC architectures have many advantages including low actuation voltage, fast response, basic control, and relatively light weight. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐based ion exchange membranes are of particular interest for IPMC devices due to their large ion exchange capacity and ease of preparation; however, they suffer from relatively weak mechanical strength. Here, PAA‐based soft actuators are synthesized with enhanced mechanical properties and proton conductivity through the incorporation of hydrogen bonding interactions with imidazolium groups via copolymerization with 1‐vinylimidazole. In addition to examining the impact of composition on physiochemical (swelling, glass transition, decomposition, Young's modulus, etc.) and electrochemical (specific capacitance) properties, an additive manufacturing process, digital light projection (DLP), is utilized to fabricate complex geometries demonstrating the potential for the fabrication of IPMC devices with complex actuation modalities. Planar DLP 3D‐printed IPMC actuators of varied polymer compositions are fabricated with activated carbon and copper electrodes, and their actuation performance is evaluated in air, where large bending deformation is observed (14°–37°).https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202200440actuatorsdigital light projectionhydrogen bondingionic polymer–metal composites |
| spellingShingle | Yuyang Wang Yue Liang Archana Bansode Xiaoyuan Lou Xinyu Zhang Bryan S. Beckingham Maria L. Auad 3D‐Printed Poly(acrylic acid–vinylimidazole) Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators Macromolecular Materials and Engineering actuators digital light projection hydrogen bonding ionic polymer–metal composites |
| title | 3D‐Printed Poly(acrylic acid–vinylimidazole) Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators |
| title_full | 3D‐Printed Poly(acrylic acid–vinylimidazole) Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators |
| title_fullStr | 3D‐Printed Poly(acrylic acid–vinylimidazole) Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D‐Printed Poly(acrylic acid–vinylimidazole) Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators |
| title_short | 3D‐Printed Poly(acrylic acid–vinylimidazole) Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators |
| title_sort | 3d printed poly acrylic acid vinylimidazole ionic polymer metal composite actuators |
| topic | actuators digital light projection hydrogen bonding ionic polymer–metal composites |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202200440 |
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