Immune Mediators Profiles in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Simple Diabetic Retinopathy

Various immune mediators identified to date are associated with the development of advanced forms of diabetic retinopathy (DR), such as proliferative DR and diabetic macular edema, although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of early stages of DR such as simple DR remain unclear. We determined...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Naoyuki Yamakawa, Hiroyuki Komatsu, Yoshihiko Usui, Kinya Tsubota, Yoshihiro Wakabayashi, Hiroshi Goto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-11-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/21/6931