Noise performance of frequency modulation Kelvin force microscopy
Noise performance of a phase-locked loop (PLL) based frequency modulation Kelvin force microscope (FM-KFM) is assessed. Noise propagation is modeled step by step throughout the setup using both exact closed loop noise gains and an approximation known as “noise gain” from operational amplifier (OpAmp...
Main Authors: | , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Beilstein-Institut
2014-01-01
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Series: | Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.1 |