Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and Vertebrates
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) have greatly facilitated food production worldwide, and their use is not limited to agriculture and the control of pests and disease vectors. However, these substances can directly affect the immune response of non-target organisms. In this sense, exposure to OPs can...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5360 |
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| author | Karime Guadalupe Bernal-González Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales Milton Rafael Camacho-Pérez Ulises Mercado-Salgado Victor Wagner Barajas-Carrillo Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez Ashley Carolina Montoya-Hidalgo Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Resendiz Rocío Guadalupe Barcelos-García Gladys Alejandra Toledo-Ibarra Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez |
| author_facet | Karime Guadalupe Bernal-González Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales Milton Rafael Camacho-Pérez Ulises Mercado-Salgado Victor Wagner Barajas-Carrillo Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez Ashley Carolina Montoya-Hidalgo Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Resendiz Rocío Guadalupe Barcelos-García Gladys Alejandra Toledo-Ibarra Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez |
| author_sort | Karime Guadalupe Bernal-González |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) have greatly facilitated food production worldwide, and their use is not limited to agriculture and the control of pests and disease vectors. However, these substances can directly affect the immune response of non-target organisms. In this sense, exposure to OPs can have negative effects on innate and adaptive immunity, promoting deregulation in humoral and cellular processes such as phagocytosis, cytokine expression, antibody production, cell proliferation, and differentiation, which are crucial mechanisms for host defense against external agents. This review focuses on the scientific evidence of exposure to OPs and their toxic effects on the immune system of non-target organisms (invertebrates and vertebrates) from a descriptive perspective of the immuno-toxic mechanisms associated with susceptibility to the development of bacterial, viral, and fungal infectious diseases. During the exhaustive review, we found that there is an important gap in the study of non-target organisms, examples of which are echinoderms and chondrichthyans. It is therefore important to increase the number of studies on other species directly or indirectly affected by Ops, to assess the degree of impact at the individual level and how this affects higher levels, such as populations and ecosystems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:25:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-438313701c5b4656ba9dbeac0fc01907 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:25:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-438313701c5b4656ba9dbeac0fc019072023-11-17T11:32:48ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01246536010.3390/ijms24065360Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and VertebratesKarime Guadalupe Bernal-González0Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales1Milton Rafael Camacho-Pérez2Ulises Mercado-Salgado3Victor Wagner Barajas-Carrillo4Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez5Ashley Carolina Montoya-Hidalgo6Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Resendiz7Rocío Guadalupe Barcelos-García8Gladys Alejandra Toledo-Ibarra9Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez10Maestría en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Xalisco 63780, Nayarit, MexicoLaboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, MexicoMaestría en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Xalisco 63780, Nayarit, MexicoLaboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, MexicoLaboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, MexicoLaboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, MexicoLicenciatura en Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Xalisco 63780, Nayarit, MexicoLaboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, MexicoLaboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, MexicoLaboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, MexicoLaboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, MexicoOrganophosphate pesticides (OPs) have greatly facilitated food production worldwide, and their use is not limited to agriculture and the control of pests and disease vectors. However, these substances can directly affect the immune response of non-target organisms. In this sense, exposure to OPs can have negative effects on innate and adaptive immunity, promoting deregulation in humoral and cellular processes such as phagocytosis, cytokine expression, antibody production, cell proliferation, and differentiation, which are crucial mechanisms for host defense against external agents. This review focuses on the scientific evidence of exposure to OPs and their toxic effects on the immune system of non-target organisms (invertebrates and vertebrates) from a descriptive perspective of the immuno-toxic mechanisms associated with susceptibility to the development of bacterial, viral, and fungal infectious diseases. During the exhaustive review, we found that there is an important gap in the study of non-target organisms, examples of which are echinoderms and chondrichthyans. It is therefore important to increase the number of studies on other species directly or indirectly affected by Ops, to assess the degree of impact at the individual level and how this affects higher levels, such as populations and ecosystems.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5360organophosphorus pesticidesdiseasesimmune systemimmunotoxicityinfectionsnon-target organisms |
| spellingShingle | Karime Guadalupe Bernal-González Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales Milton Rafael Camacho-Pérez Ulises Mercado-Salgado Victor Wagner Barajas-Carrillo Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez Ashley Carolina Montoya-Hidalgo Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Resendiz Rocío Guadalupe Barcelos-García Gladys Alejandra Toledo-Ibarra Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and Vertebrates International Journal of Molecular Sciences organophosphorus pesticides diseases immune system immunotoxicity infections non-target organisms |
| title | Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and Vertebrates |
| title_full | Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and Vertebrates |
| title_fullStr | Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and Vertebrates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and Vertebrates |
| title_short | Organophosphate-Pesticide-Mediated Immune Response Modulation in Invertebrates and Vertebrates |
| title_sort | organophosphate pesticide mediated immune response modulation in invertebrates and vertebrates |
| topic | organophosphorus pesticides diseases immune system immunotoxicity infections non-target organisms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5360 |
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