Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels—a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals
Abstract Background Improving dietary fat quality strongly affects serum cholesterol levels and hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have identified dietary fat as a potential modulator of the gut microbiota, a central regulator of host metabolism including lipid metaboli...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Lipids in Health and Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-022-01702-1 |
| _version_ | 1811202764548603904 |
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| author | Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen Line Gaundal Nasser Bastani Ida Rud Marte G. Byfuglien Terje Gjøvaag Kjetil Retterstøl Kirsten B. Holven Stine M. Ulven Mari C. W. Myhrstad |
| author_facet | Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen Line Gaundal Nasser Bastani Ida Rud Marte G. Byfuglien Terje Gjøvaag Kjetil Retterstøl Kirsten B. Holven Stine M. Ulven Mari C. W. Myhrstad |
| author_sort | Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Improving dietary fat quality strongly affects serum cholesterol levels and hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have identified dietary fat as a potential modulator of the gut microbiota, a central regulator of host metabolism including lipid metabolism. We have previously shown a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels after replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat quality on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids in healthy individuals. In addition, to investigate how changes in gut microbiota correlate with blood lipids, bile acids, and fatty acids. Methods Seventeen participants completed a randomized, controlled dietary crossover study. The participants received products with SFAs (control) or PUFAs in random order for three days. Fecal samples for gut microbiota analyses and fasting blood samples (lipids, fatty acids, and bile acids) were measured before and after the three-day intervention. Results Of a panel of 40 bacteria, Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. were significantly increased after intervention with PUFAs compared with SFAs. Interestingly, changes in Lachnospiraceae, as well as Phascolarlactobacterium sp. and Eubacterium hallii, was also found to be negatively correlated with changes in total cholesterol levels after replacing the intake of SFAs with PUFAs for three days. No significant differences in SCFAs or bile acids were found after the intervention. Conclusion Replacing SFAs with PUFAs increased the abundance of the gut microbiota family of Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. Furthermore, the reduction in total cholesterol after improving dietary fat quality correlated with changes in the gut microbiota family Lachnospiraceae. Future studies are needed to reveal whether Lachnospiraceae may be targeted to reduce total cholesterol levels. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinical Trials ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ , registration identification number: NCT03658681). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:44:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-438e56e214804d49a8193126e627e4c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-511X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:44:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Lipids in Health and Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-438e56e214804d49a8193126e627e4c92022-12-22T03:51:13ZengBMCLipids in Health and Disease1476-511X2022-09-0121111310.1186/s12944-022-01702-1Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels—a randomized controlled trial in healthy individualsVibeke H. Telle-Hansen0Line Gaundal1Nasser Bastani2Ida Rud3Marte G. Byfuglien4Terje Gjøvaag5Kjetil Retterstøl6Kirsten B. Holven7Stine M. Ulven8Mari C. W. Myhrstad9Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan UniversityFaculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan UniversityDepartment of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloNofima -Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture ResearchMills ASFaculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan UniversityDepartment of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloDepartment of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloDepartment of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloFaculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan UniversityAbstract Background Improving dietary fat quality strongly affects serum cholesterol levels and hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have identified dietary fat as a potential modulator of the gut microbiota, a central regulator of host metabolism including lipid metabolism. We have previously shown a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels after replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat quality on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids in healthy individuals. In addition, to investigate how changes in gut microbiota correlate with blood lipids, bile acids, and fatty acids. Methods Seventeen participants completed a randomized, controlled dietary crossover study. The participants received products with SFAs (control) or PUFAs in random order for three days. Fecal samples for gut microbiota analyses and fasting blood samples (lipids, fatty acids, and bile acids) were measured before and after the three-day intervention. Results Of a panel of 40 bacteria, Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. were significantly increased after intervention with PUFAs compared with SFAs. Interestingly, changes in Lachnospiraceae, as well as Phascolarlactobacterium sp. and Eubacterium hallii, was also found to be negatively correlated with changes in total cholesterol levels after replacing the intake of SFAs with PUFAs for three days. No significant differences in SCFAs or bile acids were found after the intervention. Conclusion Replacing SFAs with PUFAs increased the abundance of the gut microbiota family of Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. Furthermore, the reduction in total cholesterol after improving dietary fat quality correlated with changes in the gut microbiota family Lachnospiraceae. Future studies are needed to reveal whether Lachnospiraceae may be targeted to reduce total cholesterol levels. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinical Trials ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ , registration identification number: NCT03658681).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-022-01702-1Dietary fatPolyunsaturated fatty acidsTotal cholesterolGut microbiotaLachnospiraceaeRandomized controlled trial |
| spellingShingle | Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen Line Gaundal Nasser Bastani Ida Rud Marte G. Byfuglien Terje Gjøvaag Kjetil Retterstøl Kirsten B. Holven Stine M. Ulven Mari C. W. Myhrstad Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels—a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals Lipids in Health and Disease Dietary fat Polyunsaturated fatty acids Total cholesterol Gut microbiota Lachnospiraceae Randomized controlled trial |
| title | Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels—a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals |
| title_full | Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels—a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals |
| title_fullStr | Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels—a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels—a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals |
| title_short | Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels—a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals |
| title_sort | replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals |
| topic | Dietary fat Polyunsaturated fatty acids Total cholesterol Gut microbiota Lachnospiraceae Randomized controlled trial |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-022-01702-1 |
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