Greenhouse Gas Payback Time of Different HVAC Systems in the Renovation of Nordic District-Heated Multifamily Buildings Considering Future Energy Production Scenarios

The European Union (EU) has implemented several policies to enhance energy efficiency. Among these policies is the objective of achieving energy-efficient renovations in at least 3% of EU buildings annually. The primary aim of this study was to offer a precise environmental comparison among four sim...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alaa Khadra, Jan Akander, Jonn Are Myhren
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-02-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/2/413